<p>South Chesapeake City Historic District is a national historic district at Chesapeake City, Cecil County, Maryland, United States. It reflects the town&#39;s period of greatest prosperity in the mid 19th century when the adjacent Chesapeake and Delaware Canal was an active commercial artery between major east coast waterways. Buildings from the 19th century dominate those few of the early 20th century and those of recent vintage.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.</p><br>
<p>The Perry Point Mansion House and grist Mill is a national historic district at Perry Point, Cecil County, Maryland, United States. It is a -story, center-passage brick house covered with gray stucco. The 30 foot by 20 foot, stone grist mill is built into a river bank and is two to three stories high. Both structures were built about 1750. Since the end of World War I when the property was acquired by the Federal government, Perry Point has been used as a rehabilitation center, a supply depot, and a psychiatric hospital, the latter use surviving and expanding to the present.</p><br>
<p>The Perry Point Mansion House and Mill was added to the National Register of Historic Places during 1975.</p><br>
<p>As of 1/1/2014 GSA as the agent for the VA is seeking a contractor to renovate the Mansion House and Grist Mill.</p><br>
<h2>Perry Point VA Medical Center - History</h2><br>
<p>The first inhabitants of the Perry Point peninsula were the giant Susquehannock Indians. Many arrow heads and other relics of the tribe can still be found throughout the Point to attest to their long occupation of the area.</p><br>
<p>In approximately 1680, Charles Calvert, 3rd Baron Baltimore</p><br>
<p>Lord Baltimore made a grant of 32,000 acres of land, designated as Susquehanna Manor, to his cousin George Talbot. A part of the grant included Susquehanna Point, the first name given to the peninsula. When Talbot was appointed Surveyor General of the grant to promote settlements on the land, he found that John Bateman was already established on the Point. Bateman had acquired the land in 1658 by a patent from Lord Baltimore.</p><br>
<p>In 1710, Captain Richard Perry acquired the land. Although the name “Perry Point” has been ascribed to Captain Richard Perry, the original grant to John Bateman refers to the tract as “Perry Point,” thus proving that the change from “Susquehanna Point” occurred earlier than 1658.</p><br>
<p>Between the time that John Bateman owned the property and when it was purchased by Captain Perry, the records do not show the names of the owners. Relatives of George Talbot resided for a time on the Point and may have owned it during this time period.</p><br>
<p>In 1728, Perry Point was owned by John Perry, George Perry, Anna Templer and Dorothy Barren. In 1729, Philip Thomas became the owner of the property, leaving it by will to his son Samuel Thomas in 1763, who in turn willed it to his son Richard Thomas in 1784. It was during the Thomas family ownership of the Point that the Mansion House was constructed around 1750 from bricks brought over as ballast on ships from England. The Grist Mill, which was built around the same period as the Mansion House, indicates that there was a settlement of considerable size on the Point.</p><br>
<p>In 1798, John Homes’ name appears on the records as the owner of Perry Point, followed by Littleton Gale in 1799 and George Gale on October 11, 1800. On October 13, 1800, John Stump purchased Perry Point, which presumably included an estate of approximately 1,800 acres. It was during the residence of John Stump that the British came up the Chesapeake Bay in the War of 1812, burned Havre de Grace, and continued their destruction as far up as Lapidum, where they burned a grist mill owned by John Stump&#39;s cousin. They returned down the river and marched to Principio, where they burned the Iron Works. For some unknown reason, they spared the Mansion House and Grist Mill at Perry Point.</p><br>
<p>John Stump died in 1828, leaving Perry Point to his son John Stump II. During the Civil War, the United States Government took over Perry Point for the first time, using it as a training station for cavalry mules. The officers in charge of the project used the Mansion House for their headquarters, sharing it for a time with the Stump family. When the situation became too strained for comfort, John Stump II moved his family to Harford County to live with his sister. Upon their return, they found the Mansion House badly abused and the farm sadly neglected, but many of the former slaves remained voluntarily as hired workers and the usual activities resumed.</p><br>
<p>In 1848, an agreement was drawn up between John Stump II and the promoters of the Philadelphia, Wilmington and Baltimore Railroad (a branch of the Pennsylvania system) for the right of way through the Stump farm. Due to great difficulties in the construction process, the road was not completed until about 1954.</p><br>
<p>In 1898, John Stump II died, leavening his estate to his 10 children: Mary Smith, Judge Frederick Stump, Henrietta Mitchell, Anna Webster, John Stump, Katherine Magraw, Dr. George M. Stump, Elizabeth Boswell, Alicia Stump and Judge Arthur H. Stump.</p><br>
<p>Soon after the United States entered World War I on April 6, 1917, several representatives of the USA Government were sent out from Washington to inspect a number of locations for an ammonium nitrate plan. Because of its favorable location close to transportation facilities, Perry Point was selected. In February 1918, the USA Government purchased the 516-acre estate for $150,000 from the Stump heirs.</p><br>
<p>The USA Government leased the Point to the Atlas Powder Company, which constructed a large ammonium nitrate plant and village of 300 homes to house its employees. The ground was broken for the construction of the plan on March 3, 1918. After only 124 days of constructions, the first unit of the plant started turning out ammonium nitrate on July 5, 1918, for use in high explosives. Soon after the completion of the plant and its village, the Armistice was signed and the manufacture of ammonium nitrate was no longer necessary.</p><br>
<p>By Act of Congress, Perry Point was turned over to the USA Public Health Service on March 3, 1919, for the hospitalization of War Risk beneficiaries and as a storage depot for surplus hospital supplies for the Army. The first hospital building, a two-story structure located in the village, was converted to accommodate 75 patients.</p><br>
<p>When the USA Public Health Service opened at Perry Point, the facility functioned as a general hospital that provided care for patients with various disabilities. In 1920, the USA Public Health Hospital in Cap May, New Jersey closed, the patients were transferred to Perry Point and four more of the buildings in the village were converted for hospital use. It was at this time that Perry Point became a hospital that focused on neuro-psychiatric care.</p><br>
<p>The USA Veterans’ Bureau took over Perry Point on May 1, 1922. That year the first permanent buildings, the five circle wards, were built. In 1923, the patient population at Perry Point grew substantially after several other hospital facilities closed and transferred their patients and staff to the facility. All activities on the campus were divided into four departments: Hospitalization, Supplies, Utilities and Rehabilitation.</p><br>
<p>In 1923, officials at Perry Point decided to adopt the name “Federal Park” to indicate government ownership and operation. Representatives of the Stump family and other leading families in Cecil County petitioned the authorities in Washington, D.C., to restore the original name of the campus due to its historic significance. On June 30, 1924, the Government agreed to the change and “Federal Park” ceased to be and “Perry Point” came into its own again.</p><br>
<p>On May 25, 1925, five additional hospital wards and a recreation building were completed to accommodate the additional patient population. In the years that followed, many additional hospital and administrative buildings were constructed throughout the campus to meet the needs of Perry Point&#39;s growing patient population. The Veterans Administration actually came into being in 1930 when President Hoover signed an Executive Order establishing the agency.</p><br>
<p>On October 30, 1989, ground was broken for a new clinical addition at Perry Point that was constructed to provide primary care and specialty outpatient services. The new outpatient care facility, which is attached to building 23H, was designed and constructed to better meet the needs of Veterans by offering the latest medical technology, expanded clinical space and comfortable waiting areas and exam rooms.</p><br>
<p>In October 1995, the Perry Point VA Medical Center integrated under a single management structure with the Baltimore and Fort Howard VA Medical Centers and the Baltimore VA Rehabilitation & Extended Care Center to form the VA Maryland Health Care System. On June 20, 2000, the Secretary of Veterans Affairs approved the plans to change the mission of the Fort Howard VA Medical Center. The mission change was requested to address the numerous structural deficiencies within the facilitys main hospital building, as well as the continuing shift nationally from inpatient to outpatient care. The plans for the approved mission change included shifting inpatient programs and administrative functions from Fort Howard to other VA shifting inpatient programs and administrative functions from Fort Howard to other VA Maryland Health Care System facilities. The first phase of the mission change was completed in September 2002, with the relocation of Fort Howards inpatient programs and administrative functions to the Baltimore VA Rehabilitation & Extended Care Center and the Perry Point VA Medical Center.</p><br>
<p>On April 7, 1998, a new inpatient mental health care building was dedicated at Perry Point. The new facility (building 364), which was Perry Point&#39;s first new inpatient building constructed in over 50 years, was built to offer specialized treatment programs, rehabilitation services and enhanced patient privacy for Veterans in a comfortable, state-of-the-art setting.</p><br>
<p>To better serve the needs of outpatients requiring mental health care services, a new 5,600 square foot Partial Hospitalization Program replacement building was constructed at Perry Point and dedicated on September 20, 2004. This new facility, which is attached to the outpatient mental health clinic (Building 80H), provides a structured treatment program to assist Veteran patients transition back into the community and to prevent future hospitalization. The new facility is a replacement for the old Day Treatment Center (Building 10H), which was originally constructed in 1924.</p><br>
<p>Today, the Perry Point VA Medical Center has been serving the health care needs of USA Veterans for more than 80 years. There are currently over 85 buildings dispersed throughout the 397-acre campus, with several of the buildings constructed by the Atlas Powder Company still in active use.</p><br>
<p>In 1975, the historic significance of the Mansion House and Grist Mill was recognized when the two structures were placed on the prestigious National Register of Historic Places by the USA Department of the Interior. These two buildings are the oldest known structures in the entire VA system.</p><br>
<p>Hobcaw Barony is a tract on a peninsula called Waccamaw Neck between the Winyah Bay and the Atlantic Ocean in Georgetown County, South Carolina. Much of Hobcaw Barony is south of US Highway 17. The land was purchased by the investor, philanthropist, presidential advisor, and South Carolina native Bernard M. Baruch between 1905 and 1907 for a winter hunting retreat. Later, his eldest child, Belle W. Baruch, began purchasing the property from her father beginning in 1936. By 1956, Belle owned Hobcaw Barony entirely. Upon her death in 1964, the property was transferred to the Belle W. Baruch Foundation for a nature and research preserve. The property includes more than 37 historic buildings and structures representative of the eras of both 18th & 19th century rice cultivation and 20th century winter retreats. Hobcaw Barony was named to the National Register of Historic Places on November 2, 1994.</p><br>
<p>The Belle W. Baruch Foundation and the North Inlet-Winyah Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve jointly operate the Hobcaw Barony Discovery Center and provide tours and special programs.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1718, John, Lord Carteret was given a royal grant of 12,000 acre barony on Hobcaw Point at the southern end of Waccamaw Neck. In 1766 and 1767, the tract was surveyed and sold in several parcels. These were developed into about a dozen rice plantations that contributed to Georgetown County&#39;s substantial rice production between the American Revolution and the Civil War. In 1875, Robert James Donaldson and Eliza Townley Donaldson purchased several adjoining plantations from Hardy Solomon and consolidated them into one, calling it Friendfield, where they continued to plant rice. After the Civil War, rice production decreased due to the lack of slave labor and increased production of rice in Louisiana. Barnard Baruch acquired the tract and additional land in three purchases from 1905 to 1907 to be developed as a winter hunting retreat. Although rice was no longer cultivated, the canals and embankments were retained to provide an attractive environment for waterfowl. Starting in 1935, Baruch began selling parts of Hobcaw Barony to his daughter, Belle Baruch. The first tract was 5,000 acres in the northern portion of the property. She built a house and stable complex, Bellefield Plantation, a stable cottage for her stable manager, Jean Darthez, and a small airport hangar.</p><br>
<p>Before Belle Baruch&#39;s death in 1964, she established the Belle W. Baruch Foundation to perpetuate Hobcaw Barony as an educational institute for forestry and marine biology.</p><br>
<h2>Hobcaw House complex</h2><br>
<p>The Hobcaw House was the Baruch family winter retreat. It is about 4 mi south of the main entrance and overlooks Winyah Bay. It was built in 1930 to replace the Donaldson House, which burned in December 1929. The red brick house was designed by the Columbia, South Carolina, architects Lafaye and Lafaye.</p><br>
<p>Barnard Baruch entertained many friends at Hobcaw Barony. Winston Churchill and his daughter, Diana, visited in 1932. President Roosevelt took a month-long working vacation in Spring 1944 during World War II. Ralph Pulitzer, Walter Huston, Generals George C. Marshall, Omar Bradley and Mark Clark, and Senators Robert A. Taft and Harry F. Byrd were a few of his notable guests.</p><br>
<h2>Bellefield Plantation complex</h2><br>
<p>The Bellefield House Complex is about 1.25 mi south of the main entrance. The house was designed by Murgatroyd and Ogden of New York and built in 1936 with Lafaye and Lafaye of Columbia providing specifications. It is a two-story frame house with four single-story wings and a brick service wing to the rear. The house has a gabled roof. The house is built on a raised terrace with live oaks and pines. The chief landscape architect was Umberto Innocenti of New York and New Jersey.</p><br>
<p>The Bellefield Garage, also design by Murgatroyd and Ogden, had parking for four vehicles, a laundry, and two rooms for servants. The Bellefield Stable, which was considered essential by Belle, was designed by John D. W. Churchill of New York and built in 1937. The kennel for hunting dogs and the fowl coop are nearby.</p><br>
<h2>Slave settlements</h2><br>
<p>A number of old slave settlements are extant. Friendfield Village, between Kings Highway and Hobcaw Road, has five unused houses, a church and a dispensary, as well as several antebellum slave cabins. Two others were remodeled in 1905. The Friendfield Church, which was built in 1890, is a rectangular building with board-and-batten siding, a gabled metal roof, and a pyramidal spire. Two additional cottages in Friendfield Village were built around 1935.</p><br>
<p>Barnyard Village is also on the old Friendfield Plantation. There is one antebellum cabin that was remodeled in the period from 1890 to 1905. Two residences for employees of Hobcaw Barony were constructed in 1925.</p><br>
<p>Strawberry Village is 0.5 mi north of the Hobcaw Barony Complex in an isolated area. The Strawberry School was built in 1915 for the African-American children at Hobcaw Barony and was expanded in 1935.</p><br>
<h2>Rice fields</h2><br>
<p>The rice fields played a major role in the 19th century life of the area. Many of the canals, banks, and trunks have been maintained on Hobcaw Barony. About 325 acre of the Alderley and Oryzantia, 300 acre of the Youngfield and Bellefield, 50 acre of the Strawberry Hill, and 800 acre of the Michaux and Calais Plantations remain. About 260 acre of the Marrietta, Friendfield, and Strawberry Hill Plantations have been altered.</p><br>
<h2>Other</h2><br>
<p>Over 8,000 acre of forests remain consisting of hardwood species, loblolly and longleaf pine, and cypress/tupelo swamps. Although the majority has not been timbered since Baruchs purchase, some harvesting was done in 1944 and 1945 to support war mobilization. Portions of the Kings Highway remain as a dirt road from near Highway 17 to Frasers Point on Winyah Bay south of the Hobcaw House Complex.</p><br>
<p>A hangar at Bellefield Airport was constructed for two planes used by Belle Baruch. The field was leased to the US Army in 1942 for the war effort.</p><br>
<p>Portions of the Friendfield Plantation Rice Mill remain. The brick building with chimney and a winnowing house were probably built in the 1870s.</p><br>
<p>There are old cemeteries including the Calais Cemetery at Frasers Point, the Fairfield or Donaldson Cemetery, the Alderly Cemetery, and the Marietta/Bellefield Cemetery.</p><br>
<p>As of 2013 salt marshes have slightly expanded at the expense of forest due to rising sea levels as encroaching sea water kills trees.</p><br>
<h2>Art theft</h2><br>
<p>In 2003, former curator Sammy McIntosh left Bellefield House and moved to Kingstree because his contract had not been renewed for cause. On his last night in the house, a number of pieces of art mysteriously disappeared. About three weeks later, Williamsburg County deputies recovered the stolen print "Sporting Life" by John Leache, whose estimated value was about $12,000, along with other items belonging to the foundation from McIntosh&#39;s house. He was charged with four counts of breach of trust with fraudulent intent, one count of receiving stolen goods and one count of filing a false police report, according to court records. He was sentenced to three years probation after pleading no contest. However, the most important pieces of art, a Sir Alfred Munnings portrait of Belle Baruch and her horse Souriant and two studies along with seven Audubon prints remained missing.</p><br>
<p>The Baruch Foundation offered a $25,000 reward for information about the whereabouts of the missing artwork. There was little activity though until an "Antiques Roadshow" episode aired in February 2013. They hoped this would generate some leads, but unfortunately no real leads were found and the trail went dead until 2016.</p><br>
<p>In 2016, John and Patty Ivy of Ivy Auctions in Laurens, SC, were hired to sell the contents of an estate in the area. Upon receiving the art for cataloging in the sale, the Ivys recognized the artist name and contacted their colleague, Converse College associate professor Frazer Pajak, to help identify and catalog the work. Pajak, who coincidentally had done some work for the Baruch foundation for architectural sketches of Hobcaw knew the work immediately. The Ivys contacted George Chastain, director of the Belle Baruch Foundation in Georgetown, SC, and the FBI in order to return the art to the rightful owners.</p><br>
<p>The paintings have been returned to The Baruch Foundation. Six paintings of Hobcaw Barony by artist Louis Aston Knight remain at large as of 2016.</p><br>
<h2>Modern facilities</h2><br>
<p>Modern non-contributing properties are on Hobcaw Barony. The University of South Carolina operates the Baruch Institute for Marine & Coastal Sciences. and Clemson University has its Belle W. Baruch Institute of Coastal Ecology & Forest Science</p><br>
<p>St. Pauls Episcopal Church is a parish of the Episcopal Church in Cleveland Heights, Ohio. The current interim rector is the Rt. Rev. Jeffrey Lee. The two most recent rectors include the Rev. Jeanne Leinbach  and the Rev. Alan M. Gates . The Rev. Patricia Rose, the Rev. Rose Anne Lonsway, and the Rev. Gabriel Lawrence serve as assistant rectors. St. Paul&#39;s is a leading church and has the largest congregation in the Episcopal Diocese of Ohio.</p><br>
<p>The church building is a Cleveland Heights landmark. Located at 2747 Fairmount Blvd, it is a contributing property in the Fairmount Boulevard District, which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>St. Pauls was first established in the city of Cleveland, Ohio on October 26, 1846. The congregation did not have its own building until 1851, as a frame building completed in 1849 burned completely. A small brick church in the Gothic Revival style was completed for the parish at Euclid and Sheriff (East 4th) Streets by 1858. St. Pauls congregation outgrew the church, however, as well as a subsequent building at East 40th Street (later sold to the Roman Catholic Church, and renamed the Church of the Conversion of St. Paul the Apostle in 1930). The first service at St. Paul&#39;s, Cleveland Heights, was on April 25, 1928. The church was designed by J. Byers Hayes of Walker & Weeks in the English Gothic style. The present nave was dedicated in 1951. Martin Luther King Jr. spoke there in May 1963 (months before the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom).</p><br>
<p>The early music instrument ensemble Apollos Fire recorded their 2018 album Songs of Orpheus at St. Pauls. The album won the 2019 Grammy Award for Best Classical Vocal Solo.</p><br>
<h2>Organs</h2><br>
<p>The current nave houses three pipe organs. The most notable of these three organs is a 1952 instrument built by local builder Walter Holtkamp. In the late 1980s, the church installed an instrument by the Austrian builder Gerhard Hradetzky. Hradetkys instrument is installed in the rear gallery of the sanctuary. The final, and most recent organ the church has taken possession of is an organ positive by Vladimir Slajch. The current organist and choirmaster of St. Pauls is Kevin Jones, who succeeded Karel Paukert.</p><br>
<p>The Holtkamp organ is considered the "definitive" example for its builder.</p><br>
<p>Academy Grove Historic District is a national historic district at Upper Fairmount, Somerset County, Maryland, United States. It comprises two Italianate-influenced frame buildings. These include the Fairmount Academy, constructed between 1860 and 1867 to serve as a public school for the Potato Neck District, and the Knights of Pythias Hall, erected adjacent to the Academy about 1872 by the Fairmount Lodge No. 77 of the Knights of Pythias. As early as 1883 the Knights of Pythias Hall was rented by the Board of Education for classroom space; when the Fairmount Lodge disbanded in 1911, the Hall continued to provide additional classroom space for the Academy.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<p>Crisfield Historic District is a national historic district at Crisfield, Somerset County, Maryland, United States. It consists of a cohesive collection of houses, churches, and commercial buildings dating primarily from about 1870 to 1930. They reflect the rapid growth of the town as the center of the booming Chesapeake Bay oyster industry during that period. The district encompasses much of Crisfield&#39;s main residential and commercial areas, locally known as "uptown." The Crisfield Armory is located within the district boundaries.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.</p><br>
<p>Manokin Historic District is a national historic district at Princess Anne, Somerset County, Maryland, United States, located at the mouth of the Manokin River. It consists of the Manokin settlement, which forms a unique and visually interesting area of great historical significance on the Lower Eastern Shore. These structures, Clifton, More and Case It, Almodington, Elmwood, and Homewood are most strongly linked together visually, culturally, and historically. Architecturally the buildings span the period between the early 18th and the mid 20th centuries.</p><br>
<p>Historically the structures are united by a tangled web of family interconnections. The continuous use of the properties for agriculture adds to the continuity of the intertwined historic associations. The vista from the district to the Chesapeake Bay or from the mouth of the Manokin River upstream remains unchanged from the 17th century.</p><br>
<p>The historic district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.</p><br>
<p>Upper Fairmount Historic District is a national historic district at Upper Fairmount, Somerset County, Maryland, United States. The district encompasses this quiet rural village situated along Fairmount Road . The village is landlocked, rural in character, and surrounded by farms, fields, wooded land and a few modern houses. Perhaps the most significant structure still standing is the Upper Fairmount Methodist Episcopal Church built in 1870.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1993.</p><br>
<p>Deal Island Historic District is a national historic district at Deal Island, Somerset County, Maryland, United States. The district encompasses the village of Deal Island. It includes Deal Island Harbor, still an active marina for fishing boats and an occasional skipjack. The 433 acre district contains 81 buildings and three cemeteries that contribute to its significance.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.</p><br>
<p>Boonsboro Historic District is a national historic district at Boonsboro, Washington County, Maryland, United States. The district includes 562 contributing elements. Its component buildings chronicle the town&#39;s development from its founding in 1792 through the mid 20th century. Most of the late 18th and early 19th century development in Boonsboro occurred along Main Street, then part of a principal market road between Williamsport, Hagerstown, Frederick, and Baltimore, Maryland. They are mainly of log, frame, or brick construction, with a few stone buildings interspersed. The majority of the buildings in the district date from the 1820-1850 period coinciding with peak use years of the National Road. Other features of the district include the Boonsboro Cemetery laid out about 1855 in a 19th-century curving plan with a number of exceptionally artistic gravestones, and the office/depot of the Hagerstown-Boonsboro Electric Railway. The period of significance, from 1792 to 1959 tracks the continuous growth and evolution of the town through the date by which the district had substantially achieved its current form and appearance.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.</p><br>
<p>Funkstown Historic District is a national historic district at Funkstown, Washington County, Maryland, United States. The district includes 217 contributing buildings, one contributing structure, and three contributing sites. The National Road forms Funkstowns main street and shaped in a significant way the appearance of the town. Funkstowns early and most extensive development was along this route, including the town&#39;s oldest known dwelling, the Jacob Funk House, built by the founder in 1769. Other properties are of sided log, stone, or brick construction of mixed residential and commercial use, dating from the late 18th century through the mid 20th century.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.</p><br>
<p>Hagerstown Commercial Core Historic District is a national historic district at Hagerstown, Washington County, Maryland, United States.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<h2>Background</h2><br>
<p>The district consists approximately of a one and a half by two block rectangle which includes the major retail center of town. The center of the district is the public square and it is made up almost entirely of commercial buildings constructed or remodeled for retail purposes during the last 20 years of the 19th century and the first 20 years of the 20th century. Also in the district are the Washington County Courthouse and the City Hall.</p><br>
<p>Hagerstown Historic District is a national historic district at Hagerstown, Washington County, Maryland, United States. The district contains the downtown commercial and governmental center as well as several surrounding urban residential neighborhoods and industrial areas. It includes the original plat of Hagerstown, laid out in the 1760s, as well as areas of expansion that developed generally prior to or just after the turn of the 20th century. Some 2,500 Confederate dead lie in Rose Hill Cemetery on South Potomac Street, most of whom died at the Battle of Antietam.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.</p><br>
<p>Keedysville Historic District is a national historic district at Keedysville, Washington County, Maryland, United States. The district boundary is within the corporate limits of the town, generally focused on the properties lining Main Street and those associated with the now-abandoned railroad facilities. It is reflective of the towns growth from the 1768 establishment of Jacob Hess mill along the old Conococheague migration road to expansion with each new transportation development. The first major development was the Boonsboro-Sharpsburg turnpike. With the advent of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad through the center of town, shops and manufactures were established and expanded. The town&#39;s prosperity waned with the loss of railroad service in 1953. The district is also significant for the wide range of architectural stylistic influences present on the buildings through the historic town.</p><br>
<p>The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.</p><br>
<p>The Ten Broeck Mansion in Albany, New York was built in 1797. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971. A decade later it was included as a contributing property to the Arbor Hill Historic District–Ten Broeck Triangle when that neighborhood was listed on the Register.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Ten Broeck Mansion was built in 1797 by Elizabeth (Van Rensselaer) Ten Broeck and her husband Abraham Ten Broeck on land leased from her brother, the patroon Stephen Van Rensselaer. At the time the land was in the town of Watervliet north of the city of Albany. Originally built in the Federal-style, the mansion was called "Prospect".</p><br>
<p>Abraham Ten Broeck enjoyed Prospect for only 12 years before his death in 1810. His widow, Elizabeth, lived there another three years until her death.</p><br>
<p>Over the next thirty years, the Mansion was renovated in the Greek-revival style.</p><br>
<p>The house is open as a historic house museum with decorations and furnishings from the mid-19th century.</p><br>
<p>Leitersburg Historic District is a national historic district at Leitersburg, Washington County, Maryland, United States. The district is centered on this early-19th century village. The village square retains three original early 19th century brick buildings, a tavern, general store, and dwelling; as well as a late-19th century wooden frame grocery store / meeting hall. Most of the original 30 log buildings, somewhat altered, remain. The village contains a cohesive collection of architectural resources reflecting a wide variety of vernacular types and popular expressions dating from the early 19th century through the early 20th century.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.</p><br>
<p>Williamsport Historic District is a national historic district at Williamsport, Washington County, Maryland, United States. The district consists of the historic core of this town. Almost 20 percent of the buildings in the district date from the late 18th and early 19th centuries. They are generally of log or brick construction until the second quarter of the 19th century. The district includes one of less than 10 banking houses still remaining in the US that were constructed during the first National Bank time frame, the Williamsport Banking Mansion, circa 1814. The town grew with the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal and railroads, which resulted in prominent late 19th century Italianate and Queen Anne style buildings for residential and commercial purposes. Slightly less than 60 percent of the buildings date from the late 19th and early 20th centuries.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.</p><br>
<p>Washington Park in Albany, New York is the city&#39;s premier park and the site of many festivals and gatherings. As public property it dates back to the city charter in 1686, and has seen many uses including that of gunpowder storage, square/parade grounds, and cemetery. The park is often mistaken as being designed by Frederick Law Olmsted, as it incorporates many of the philosophical ideals used by Olmsted when he designed Central Park in Manhattan. The park is about 81 acre in size with the 5.2 acre Washington Park Lake, a roughly 1,600 ft and 140 ft lake, in the southwestern corner.</p><br>
<p>Not only is the park historic, but so is the mostly residential surrounding neighborhood. Many architectural works line the streets facing the park, designed by some of the most famous architects of the late 19th century, including Henry Hobson Richardson. At least two governors of New York lived in buildings facing Washington Park outside of their term in office. Due to the historical and architectural significance of the park and neighborhood both were included in 1972 as the Washington Park Historic District; and in 1998 the park was named one of the nation&#39;s 100 most important parks by the American Association of Architects. In 2008 Boston-based composer Peter Child wrote an orchestral piece inspired by the park, entitled Washington Park.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Cemetery and parade grounds</h3><br>
<p>Washington Park has been public property since the Dongan Charter was granted to Albany incorporating it as a city. The charter specified that all land not privately owned at the time became property of the Mayor, Aldermen, and Commonalty of the city of Albany, including the land that would become the site of Washington Park. A portion of the land was set aside for a structure built to house gunpowder in 1802, and in 1806 the areas between Willett and Knox streets, and between State Street and Madison Avenue, became the Middle Public Square. West of the cemetery was the alms-house farm and the penitentiary grounds. In 1809 the Middle Public Square was renamed Washington Square, and later the Washington Parade Ground. In 1868 the remains and headstones in the cemetery were removed and reinterred, most to Albany Rural Cemetery, and some to the cemeteries of other churches.</p><br>
<p>For years leading up to the creation of the park, the leading citizens and newspapers in Albany had pushed for a grand public park.</p><br>
<h3>Construction of the park</h3><br>
<p>The New York Legislature passed a law in 1869 authorizing the creation of a large public park on the spot and the creation of the Board of Trustees of the Washington Park of the City of Albany (later Commissioners). John Bogart and John Cuyler drew the plans for Washington Park in 1870. Bogart had worked for Olmsted and Vaux on Central Park in New York and later Bogart was the chief engineer for the New York City Department of Parks from 1872 to 1877. From 1869 to 1872 R.H. Bingham was the chief engineer in charge of the drafting of the plans and the supervision of construction, after 1872 his assistant William S. Egerton took charge. It was under Egerton that the formal garden settings were planted.</p><br>
<p>Work on the Washington Parade Grounds between Willett and Knox streets was begun in July 1870 and finished by the end of the year. During 1871 the former cemetery was landscaped and that area reopened as part of the park. The section of Washington Park between Lexington (formerly Snipe) and Robin streets was the focus of work in 1873, including the damming of the Beaverkill to form Washington Park Lake. In 1874 focus shifted to roughly 15 acre along Madison Avenue from Lake to Robin and a footbridge was built over the lake in 1875. Nine acres of mostly row houses along Knox Street north of Madison were purchased, destroyed, and landscaped in 1880</p><br>
<p>The Commissioners were given by the state additional powers to build and maintain approaches to the park and other parks as well, this allowed the commissioners to build a series of boulevards around the city. Western Avenue from the northwestern corner of Washington Park to the location of the toll gate of the Western Turnpike was under the purview of the commissioners. Work on the road began in late 1876 and was finished the next year. The total construction cost of the park, including purchasing the real estate and improving Western Avenue, was $1,073,020.91. In 1878 Northern Boulevard (today Manning Boulevard) was constructed by the commissioners, it extended from the western end of their jurisdiction on Western Avenue north and east to the intersection of Clinton and Central avenues.</p><br>
<h3>Modern times</h3><br>
<p>In 1958 Lancaster Street, which had previously ended at Willett Street opposite the park, was extended through to Northern Boulevard (today Henry Johnson Boulevard). Associated with this extension Northern Boulevard was also widened and both Lancaster and State streets were turned into one-ways. Entrances to Washington Park from Thurlow Terrace and Englewood Place were closed in 1972 turning those into dead end streets from Western Avenue. In 1988 Washington Park Road was renamed Albany Plan of Union Avenue in honor of the colonial congress held in Albany by Benjamin Franklin that proposed closer ties and support among the Thirteen Colonies. In 1991 Northern Boulevard from its intersection with Madison Avenue and Willett Street north through the park and continuing to Livingston Avenue in Arbor Hill was renamed Henry Johnson Boulevard in honor of African-American World War I hero Henry Johnson.</p><br>
<p>In the 1950s Dutch elm disease (Ceratocystis ulmi) killed all the elms that once populated the park and crab apples were planted to replace the elms along the pedestrian mall. After deteriorating over the decades Washington Park saw a revival in the 1990s and 2000s with the flower beds being restored to their original specifications, the pedestrian mall removed of pavement and widened to its original dimensions with disease-resistant elms planted to form a canopy, the King Fountain relit at night, and the lilac shrub border around the periphery of the park being restored.</p><br>
<h2>Structures</h2><br>
<p>Originally, Washington Park included many buildings: several shelters of untrimmed logs, a pavilion, wellhouse, croquet shelter, and lakehouse once dotted the landscape. The wooden lake house was replaced in 1929 with a "modern" brick structure while the others over time succumbed to age and changing use-patterns for the park and no longer stand. The footbridge over Washington Park Lake, erected in 1875, is the only remaining original structure in Washington Park. The lamps on the bridge were originally gas lamps, but they were electrified in 1881.</p><br>
<p>The current Washington Park Lake House was built in 1929 replacing the original stick style structure constructed in 1876. It is constructed in the Spanish Revival style with terracotta, terrazzo, brick, and guastavino tile. The area in front of the lake house has been the site for the performance of plays by the Park Playhouse for over 20 years. A 900-seat amphitheater faces the lake house allowing for comfortable seating for the over 60,000 people who visit every year. A proposal by the city to turn the lake house into a 125-seat restaurant and 200-seat banquet hall with an expanded dock with boat, cross-country ski, and ice skate rentals failed to materialize due to a lack of interest from the private business sector.</p><br>
<h2>Monuments</h2><br>
<p>Dr. James H. Armsby Memorial is a bust of James H. Armsby, the co-founder of Albany Medical College. Erected in 1879, it was the first memorial in the park.</p><br>
<p>Robert Burns Statue is a bronze statue erected in 1888, with four panels around the base installed in 1891. It is of the famous Scottish poet Robert Burns, his statue was sculpted by Charles Calverley and each of the four panels around the base have one of Burns poems carved by George H. Boughton. The Saint Andrews Society funded conservation of the statue in 1978.</p><br>
<p>King Memorial Fountain is a fountain erected in 1893 with a monumental bronze statue of Moses smiting the rock for water on Mount Horeb. Four figures of Israelite slaves around the statue on the side of the mountain represent the four stages of life: infancy, youth, adulthood, and old age. The fountain is in the center of formal gardens laid out by William S. Egerton. It was a gift from Rufus H. King and was sculpted by J. Massey Rhind, who also sculpted the Philip Schuyler statue that stands at the center of the intersection of Eagle Street and Washington Avenue in front of city hall. In 1988, the statue of Moses was cleaned and applied with a wax coating to protect it from the weather, and an arm was reattached to one of the four other statues on the fountain.</p><br>
<p>Marinus Willett Memorial is a monument to Colonel Marinus Willett commemorating his combat and character during the French and Indian Wars. It consists of a 33,000 lb boulder from the "scenes of conflict" he fought in, and the plaque is dedicated to his "patriotic services in defense of Albany and the people of the Mohawk". The boulder was placed by the Sons of the American Revolution in 1907, facing towards an entrance to the park from the corner of State and Willett streets, an entrance that no longer exists. The boulder&#39;s back faced Henry Johnson Boulevard (formerly Northern Boulevard) and was the scene of many vehicular accidents as drivers missed a sharp curve. In 2006, as part of the 200th anniversary of the park, the boulder was moved 60 yd to the corner of State and Willett.</p><br>
<p>Soldiers and Sailors&#39; Monument is a marble monument sitting on a granite base with a bronze statue representing the Nation, holding the palms of victory. The monument is built of Tennessee marble above the seat and the remainder is of Stony Creek granite. It is 22 ft high, 21 ft long and 5.5 ft deep, surrounded by a seat, the whole resting upon a platform 70 ft long by 64 ft deep. It sits at the Henry Johnson Boulevard entrance from State Street to the park. The monument represents "The Nation at Peace Won Through Victorious War". It was finished in 1911 by American Sculptor Hermon A. MacNeil and erected in 1912 by the Grand Army of the Republic as a monument to Civil War veterans. The monument was restored in 1986 and renamed the Albany Veterans Memorial Monument with an unveiling by two 85-year-old women who, as 12-year-olds, had unveiled the monument when it was first erected in 1912.</p><br>
<p>Henry Johnson Memorial is a bust of World War I hero Henry Johnson in a traffic island at the intersection of Henry Johnson Boulevard and Willett Street near Madison Avenue, erected in 1991.</p><br>
<h2>Activities</h2><br>
<p>Washington Park has many activities open to visitors and residents, some maintained by the city, others are spontaneously set up by individuals. Washington Park&#39;s open spaces are often used by visitors to play boccie, volleyball, and badminton games. Though skateboarding is legal throughout the park itself, the monuments and ball courts in the park fall under a citywide ban on skateboarding on public monuments, statues, and tennis/basketball courts.</p><br>
<p>Washington Park is the site of many festivals, concerts, and special occasions. The Tulip Festival held every year since 1949 in Washington Park is highlighted by the blossoming of 200,000 tulips throughout the park. The city, the Albany Police Athletic League, and Hannaford supermarkets sponsor the Capital Holiday Lights every winter, with 125 displays through the park. Proceeds benefit juvenile crime prevention programs.</p><br>
<p>Many fund raisers are held every year in the park as well, such as the American Cancer Society walkathon and the Freihofers Run for Women. The Freihofers Run is an International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) Silver Label race that draws professional marathon runners from Kenya, Ethiopia, Australia, and all across the United States along with locals as well. It is one of the largest all-women races in the world, and has served as the 5K national championship in 1989, 1990, and 1993–2004.</p><br>
<h2>Historic district</h2><br>
<p>The streets surrounding Washington Park, State Street to the north, Willett Avenue to the east, Madison Avenue to the south, and South Lake Avenue to the west, along with Englewood Terrace, Thurlow Terrace, and the residence at 76 Western Avenue to the northwest, are all included in the Washington Park Historic District. Most of the existing properties date to after the 1880s, with very few predating the creation of the park.</p><br>
<h3>State Street</h3><br>
<p>State Street is a one-way eastbound street along Washington Park&#39;s northern border.</p><br>
<h3>Willett Street</h3><br>
<p>Willet Street is a northbound one-way street comprising three blocks, stretching from the southeastern corner of the park at the intersection with Madison Avenue to the northeastern corner with State Street. All of Willett Street is in the historic district, including approximately 33 buildings. The street is entirely residential except for the First Presbyterian Church, built in 1883 on the corner with State Street. Willett Street has many different styles including Queen Anne, Spanish Revival, Classical revival, Georgian, Romanesque, Italianate, and brownstones. Two larger apartment buildings, built in 1909 and 1927, break up the otherwise continuous row of older townhouses. One of those apartment buildings is the Willett, formerly the Wareham, a five-story building built in 1909 that spans 84–92 Willett Street. This building sits on a former site of the New York State Normal College, predecessor to the University at Albany, which burned in 1906. The oldest building on Willett to maintain its original facade, 22 Willett, was built in 1872. Nearby 28 Willett Street was the home of Martin Glynn, an owner and publisher of the Albany Times Union, a state comptroller, and the governor of New York from 1913 to 1914. Glynn was the first Catholic New York governor and the only longtime Albany resident to reach that position.</p><br>
<h3>Madison Avenue</h3><br>
<p>Madison Avenue is part of the cross-country US Route 20, and at four lanes wide it is the busiest street in the district. Recently a road diet decreased the lanes to 2 lanes with a center turning lane and bike lanes. Roughly 90 buildings on Madison Avenue face the park. East of the intersection with Robin Street, Madison is more urban with 19th-century rowhouses; west of Robin Street is dominated by large detached residences, many of which have been converted to medical offices. A few buildings, such as 694 and 710 Madison predate park improvements that occurred across the street at the Taylor property, which later became basketball and tennis courts. 682 Madison was formerly the home of the Academy of Holy Names. It is currently administrative offices for the Albany Medical Center Foundation.</p><br>
<h3>South Lake Avenue</h3><br>
<p>South Lake Avenue facing Washington Park consists of 23 rowhouses, a modern apartment building, and a converted carriage house. The Elouise Apartments were built in 1927 in the Classical Revival architecture style and are eight stories tall. 55 South Lake Avenue is in the Art Deco style, while 57 to 87 South Lake, built in 1896–97 is a row of yellow brick facades designed by Albert Fuller.</p><br>
<h3>Englewood Place and Thurlow Terrace</h3><br>
<p>Englewood Place and Thurlow Terrace were constructed by the Commissioners of Washington Park and maintained by them for some time, with half the maintenance cost assessed on the private property facing the street. Restrictions were placed to prevent fences and unwelcome uses to preserve a park-like appearance.</p><br>
<p>Englewood Place was a part of Robin Street until receiving its current name in the 1870s; it was laid out in lots in 1879, with large mansions and carriage houses built between 1879 and 1887. 5 and 7 Englewood Place were designed by Robert Gibson, who also designed the All Saints Cathedral. 5 Englewood Place became the residence of the University at Albany&#39;s president after 1997. Thurlow Terrace was developed a decade after Englewood. 8 Thurlow Terrace was the residence of the Albany Catholic bishops until 1957. From 1958 to 1972 the State University of New York owned 7, 8, 9, and 10 Thurlow Terrace as their central administration, prior to moving to One Commerce Plaza.</p><br>
<p>Lehmans Mill Historic District is a national historic district at Hagerstown, Washington County, Maryland, United States. The district comprises the remaining buildings of the mill group including the brick Lehmans Mill, built in 1869 for Henry F. Lehman, the farmstead with a stuccoed stone house dated 1837 with older and newer sections, a barn, carriage house, and agricultural outbuildings; another dwelling, also built by Lehman in 1877, a two-story brick and frame house; related outbuildings, and a portion of the mill&#39;s head and tail race. It is the oldest continuously operating mill in Washington County, and is the most intact mill complex remaining in the county.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.</p><br>
<p>Oak Hill Historic District is a national historic district at Hagerstown, Washington County, Maryland, United States. The district consists of a residential neighborhood of approximately 76 acre in northern Hagerstown. It is characterized generally by large scale houses built in the first third of the 20th century and standing in a garden city type setting. The houses are generally Colonial or Georgian revival in stylistic influences.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.</p><br>
<p>Potomac–Broadway Historic District is a national historic district at Hagerstown, Washington County, Maryland, United States. The district is located in the north downtown area and consists largely of a late 19th and early 20th century residential area with most buildings dating from 1870 to 1930. Architectural styles represented include Victorian Gothic, Queen Anne, Colonial Revival, and American Foursquare.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.</p><br>
<p>South Prospect Street Historic District is a national historic district at Hagerstown, Washington County, Maryland, United States. The district is a 19th and early 20th century residential neighborhood which was once the address of many of Hagerstowns leading citizens. The street is lined with more than 50 structures representing Americas varied and strong architectural heritage and includes both domestic and ecclesiastical buildings, such as Saint John&#39;s Church and the Presbyterian Church. The architectural styles represented range from the Neoclassical of the early 19th century to the classical revivals of the early 20th century.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<p>Hogmire–Berryman Farm is a historic farm complex and national historic district at Spielman, Washington County, Maryland, United States. It dates from the late 18th or early 19th century, includes a brick house, an early 19th-century stone secondary dwelling, the ruins of a stone outbuilding, a stone root cellar, a brick privy, and a large stone end bank barn. The main brick farmhouse is a multipart structure showing initial construction from the first decade of the 19th century or earlier.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>Antietam Iron Furnace Site and Antietam Village is a national historic district at Antietam, Washington County, Maryland, United States. It consists of the remains of a mid-18th to late-19th century iron furnace site, and the nearby related village. Remnants of the ironworks include a dam and race, a possible wheel pit or building foundation, the possible location of a furnace stack, and a four-arch stone bridge built by John Weaver in 1832. Also at the site are the dozen or so brick, stone, and wood houses comprising Antietam Village. Typical of the houses is the Mentzer house, a four-bay, two-storey stone structure of roughly coursed fieldstone, painted white.</p><br>
<p>The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.</p><br>
<p>The Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Bridge, Antietam Creek was a timber trestle bridge near Keedysville, Washington County, Maryland, United States. It carried the Washington County branch of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, later part of CSX Transportation, over the ravine formed by the Antietam Creek northwest of Keedysville. The wooden bridge, constructed about 1867, was approximately 400 ft in length and was supported by a series of timber bents resting on concrete sills. CSX abandoned the railroad line in the late 1970s or 1980s.</p><br>
<p>The Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Bridge, Antietam Creek was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977. The bridge was subsequently removed completely.</p><br>
<p>The Corydon Battle Site is a protected park area located in Harrison Township, Harrison County, Indiana. The site preserves the battlefield where a portion of the Battle of Corydon occurred on July 9, 1863. It is part of the Harrison County Parks Department and is officially known as the Battle of Corydon Memorial Park. It contains the Corydon Civil War Museum.</p><br>
<p>The site was added to the National Register of Historic Places on July 9, 1979.</p><br>
<p>Wilsons Bridge is a bridge near Hagerstown, Washington County, Maryland, United States. It originally carried the Hagerstown and Conococheague Turnpike, the National Road, across Conococheague Creek 7 mi west of Hagerstown. The five-arched structure, the longest of the countys stone bridges, is 210 ft in length and is constructed of coursed local limestone. The bridge was erected in 1819 by Silas Harry, who had built similar bridges in Pennsylvania. The bridge was closed in June 1972 when it was damaged by floods which occurred during Tropical Storm Agnes.</p><br>
<p>Wilson&#39;s Bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<p>The Oak Hill Cemetery Chapel, also known as the Renwick Chapel or James Renwick Chapel, is a historic building in the Georgetown neighborhood of Washington, D.C., United States. Designed by James Renwick Jr. in 1850, Oak Hill Cemetery Chapel is the architect&#39;s only known example of Gothic Revival church architecture in Washington, D.C. It is located on the highest ridge in Oak Hill Cemetery, near the intersection of 29th and R Streets NW. The chapel is one of two structures in Oak Hill Cemetery listed on the National Register of Historic Places, the other being the Van Ness Mausoleum. The chapel, mausoleum, and cemetery are contributing properties to the Georgetown Historic District, a National Historic Landmark.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>On June 7, 1848, businessman and philanthropist William Wilson Corcoran (1798&ndash;1888) purchased Parrott&#39;s Woods, a 15 acre forest overlooking Rock Creek Park, from Lewis Washington, great-grandnephew of President George Washington. Corcoran organized a company to establish a cemetery, and on March 3, 1849, the Oak Hill Cemetery Company was chartered by an Act of Congress.</p><br>
<p>Architect James Renwick Jr. (1818&ndash;1895) was chosen to design a small chapel for the new cemetery. Renwick, whose best known works include Grace Church, St. Patrick&#39;s Cathedral and the Corcoran Gallery of Art (currently the Renwick Gallery), began designing the chapel soon after he had finished the plans for the Smithsonian Institution Building. The cost of constructing Oak Hill Cemetery Chapel was $9,400, which was paid by Corcoran.</p><br>
<p>On March 16, 1972, the National Park Service added Oak Hill Cemetery Chapel to the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Oak Hill Cemetery Chapel is considered an excellent example of Gothic Revival architecture, and often called a "miniature Gothic gem".</p><br>
<p>The building materials consist of Potomac gneiss, sandstone, and wood. A cornerstone, inscribed with the date "1850", is located in a buttress on the chapel&#39;s northwest corner. The chapel is accessible by a large, painted door on the west side. The door is protected by a padlocked, wrought iron gate; the padlock bears the inscription: "Presented/Oak Hill Cemetery Co./By/James L. Norris/March 19, 1895." A rose window with wooden mullions is located above the door.</p><br>
<h2>Influence</h2><br>
<p>The design of Grace Episcopal Church, a Gothic Revival church built in 1867, is very similar to that of the nearby Oak Hill Cemetery Chapel. Although the architect of Grace Episcopal Church is unknown, there is reason to believe Renwick may have designed the building. If this isnt the case, the person who designed the church was greatly influenced by Renwicks work.</p><br>
<p>The Bama Theatre is a historic theatre in Tuscaloosa, Alabama that currently serves as the city&#39;s performing arts center. Its modern redevelopment is the result of cooperation between the Arts Council of Tuscaloosa and the Tuscaloosa County Parks and Recreation Authority. The three-story brick and limestone building is located at the corner of Gary Fitts Street  and Greensboro Avenue in downtown Tuscaloosa. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places  on August 30, 1984. It is also a contributing building in the Downtown Tuscaloosa Historic District, NRHP-listed in 1985.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>A previous Bama Theatre</h3><br>
<p>Before the current Bama Theatre was built, there was a theater of that name in Tuscaloosa. This earlier Bama Theatre was built in 1924 on Broad Street (todays University Boulevard)—one block from the later Bama Theatre. The early Bama featured silent films and vaudeville shows and operated during the transition from silent to sound films. It was renamed the Druid Theater when the newer Bama opened. Its new name derived from Tuscaloosas nickname as the "Druid City".</p><br>
<h3>Early history</h3><br>
<p>The Bama Theatre was originally constructed from 1937–38 through Franklin D. Roosevelts New Deal as a Public Works Administration project. The building was built as a combination theater and city hall for Tuscaloosa. It was designed by Birmingham architect David O. Whilldin, who also designed other historically significant buildings in the Tuscaloosa downtown area and worked from the Whilldin Building. The building opened as a theater on April 12, 1938. The theater was one of the last movie palaces built in the South. The building features a Streamline Moderne exterior style, popular during the period, and a lavish "atmospheric" interior style that is decorated with a combination of Moderne and Renaissance elements. Twinkling stars and clouds on the ceiling create an open air feel in the performance hall. The city hall was moved out the building following the citys acquisition and renovation of the former United States Post Office (built 1909) in 1968.</p><br>
<h3>Renovations</h3><br>
<p>The theatre was converted to a performing arts center in 1976 and has been completely renovated for live theatrical/concert use. With the arrival of theater manager David Allgood in 2003, the Bama became a sought-after venue for touring artists; but that has waned after he retired circa 2019. The movie fare at The Bama was also revamped, creating the Bama Art House Film Series, featuring independent, foreign, and documentary movies. Past screenings have included Boyhood, Moonrise Kingdom, Turn Me On, Dammit, Room, and the world premier of John Sayles&#39;s Honeydripper, which was filmed in Alabama. Sayles attended the one-night screening, which drew an audience of nearly 900 people. In the 2020s, the Bama hosts a mixture of entertainment—concerts, movies, dance performances, and live theater.</p><br>
<p>The central panel of the theatre marquee was replaced with an LED screen in March 2017. A major renovation in 2022 replaced all the seats and carpeting and upgraded the facility.</p><br>
<h2>Performance groups</h2><br>
<p>The Bama Theatre is home to several performance groups from Tuscaloosa and the surrounding area. The Tuscaloosa Children&#39;s Theatre and Tuscaloosa Community Dancers perform at the theater 2-3 times a year each. The theatre is also home to several dance school end-of-year recitals including The Dance Centre and The Academy of Ballet and Jazz. The Tuscaloosa Academy Players, Tuscaloosa County High School Drama Dept and Brookwood Drama Department have also staged productions here.</p><br>
<p>The Fruita Rural Historic District is a historic district in the Capitol Reef National Park in Wayne County, Utah, United States, that is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The district comprises a former Mormon agricultural settlement that was active from 1895 to 1947. It includes what remains of the town of Fruita. The Leo R. Holt House, oldest in Fruita, was built in 1895 and the Fruita schoolhouse in 1896. Along with other scattered structures from the original settlement, the district also includes the 1940 ranger station, built for what was then Capitol Reef National Monument in the National Park Service Rustic style and constructed by the Civilian Conservation Corps. Later development included the Mission 66 park visitor center.</p><br>
<p>The orchards that gave Fruita its name are preserved as a "historic landscape" by the National Park Service.</p><br>
<p>Nash–McDonald House is a house in Anchorage, Kentucky with elements of Gothic Revival architecture that was built in 1869.</p><br>
<p>It was deemed to be a "fine example of the Gothic Revival which is relatively rare in the County although more prevalent in Anchorage", according to a 1979 Kentucky Historic Resources review of the property. The review asserts it is significant as one of several houses built by Edward D. Hobbs. This property was sold by Hobbs to M.B. Nash in 1869 for $10,139.71. It was home during 1884 to 1887 to Rev. William McDonald. McDonald founded the Louisville Rugby School in Louisville. a school which, in "its early years, the school was the largest and most flourishing private school for boys west of the Alleghanies&#39;".</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>Old Town Hall is a historic town hall located at Wilmington, New Castle County, Delaware. It was built in 1798, and is a large two-story brick building in a late-Georgian / early-Federal style. The roof is gently sloping and is topped by a large octagonal cupola and once had a wooden balustrade. The building housed the Wilmington city government until 1916 and served as a focal point of many public events in Delaware&#39;s history. The property is owned and managed by the Delaware Historical Society</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.</p><br>
<p>The Read House & Gardens is a historic house museum at 42 The Strand in New Castle, Delaware. The house, built in 1797-1804 for George Read, Jr., was the largest and most sophisticated residence in the state at the time, and is a significant early example of high-style Federal period architecture. The adjacent formal gardens were laid out in the late 1840s by William Couper, the house&#39;s third owner. The property was designated a National Historic Landmark in 2016, and is part of the landmark New Castle Historic District. The house is now owned and operated by the Delaware Historical Society as a museum.</p><br>
<h2>House</h2><br>
<p>The Read House is located in central downtown New Castle, facing the Delaware River across The Strand midway between Harmony and Delaware Streets. The houses view of the river includes a surviving portion of the wharf of George Read. The house is a -story brick building, with a side gable roof and a stone foundation. It has four chimneys, two built into each end wall, with a curtain wall between. The roofs peak is truncated, the flat top section ringed by a low balustrade. The front face of the roof has two dormers, topped by gabled roofs and covering round-arch windows. The main facade is five bays wide, with sash windows set in rectangular openings, with stone sills and splayed stone lintels. The main entrance is at the center, with flanking sidelight windows and pilasters, and a large half-round transom window above. On the second story above the entrance is a Palladian window, its sections flanked by narrow pilasters. To the rear of the main block are two large ells, giving the house a total area in excess of 14,000 ft&sup2;.</p><br>
<p>The house was built in 1793 for George Read Jr., the son of George Read, one of Delaware&#39;s leading statesmen and a signer of the United States Declaration of Independence. The younger Read was a successful lawyer and businessman, whose wealth enabled him to build what was then the largest private residence in the state. Stylistically, it is an important early example of Federal period architecture, taking inspiration from several Adamesque houses built in Philadelphia a few years earlier.</p><br>
<h2>Garden</h2><br>
<p>After Reads death in 1836, the house was rented briefly by John M. Clayton, another Delaware statesman, while he awaited completion of his new home at Buena Vista. The second owner was William Couper, a wealthy businessman who had grown up next door in the former house of George Read I before making a career in the China trade. Houses adjacent to this one, including the George Read I House, were lost to fire in 1824. Couper used the open space created by the fire to establish a formal garden beginning in 1846. The basic layout of the garden appears to follow Coupers basic plan, although the type of plantings is likely not original. Features of its design include brick walkways that wind between the beds, and two gazebos, placed by the Delaware Historical Society at locations of similar structures seen in late 19th-century photographs.</p><br>
<h2>Subsequent history</h2><br>
<p>Couper was a bachelor, who occupied the house along with a number of other family members. After his death, they continued to reside in the house until the last, his niece Hettie Smith, died in 1919. The house was then acquired by Philip and Lydia Laird, who were involved in New Castles early historic preservation movement, and undertook to maintain the propertys historic integrity. Lydia Laird bequested the property to the Delaware Historical Society in 1975. The Society has since undertaken a full restoration of the property, and interprets it primarily in the period of the Read ownership, although some rooms reflect the styles of subsequent owners.</p><br>
<p>The house is open Wednesday to Sunday year-round, closed only on some holidays; admission is charged.</p><br>
<p>The Floor of the Valley Road, also known as the Zion Canyon Scenic Drive, follows the canyon of the North Fork of the Virgin River, also known as Zion Canyon, through Zion National Park, Utah, USA. A precursor to the present nine-mile road was first built in 1916, but was later redesigned by the National Park Service Branch of Plans and Designs to highlight the natural features of the valley while presenting a natural-appearing built environment. The road begins at the south boundary of the park and ends at the Temple of Sinawava.</p><br>
<p>The design uses local materials such as red sandstone and rustic construction techniques according to the prevailing 1930s Park Service policy of naturalistic design. The Cable Creek Bridge is separately nominated to the National Register of Historic Places as a particularly prominent example of the style. The road surface is coated with red aggregate to continue the design theme.</p><br>
<p>From the South Entrance to Canyon Junction at the mouth of Zion Canyon the road has been reconstructed and has lost many of the characteristic features of the 1930s construction.</p><br>
<p>The original 1916 road, built by Park Service engineer W.O. Tufts, was a single-lane dirt road that extended as far as the Weeping Rock parking area. In 1925 a gravel-surfaced road, called the "Government Road" replaced the original road and extended all the way to the Temple of Sinawava.</p><br>
<p>In 1931 and 1932 the present road was constructed on a new alignment as a Depression-era public works project. Further construction was performed from 1933 to 1942 by Civilian Conservation Corps labor.</p><br>
<h2>Traffic restrictions</h2><br>
<p>Traffic congestion in the narrow canyon was recognized as a major problem in the 1990s and a public transportation system using propane-powered shuttle buses was instituted in the year 2000. From April through October, the scenic drive in Zion Canyon is closed to private vehicles and visitors ride the shuttle buses.</p><br>
<h2>Suffix beginning with G</h2><br>
<h3>Empire Gable</h3><br>
<p>Empire Gable was a 1,925 GRT cargo ship which was built by A Vuyk & Zonen, Capelle aan den IJssel, Netherlands. Launched in 1944 as Benue for Deutsche Afrika Line. Seized in May 1945 as a war prize at Cuxhaven. To MoWT and renamed Empire Gable. Allocated in 1946 to the USSR and renamed Sukhumi. Scrapped in December 1969 at Bo&#39;ness, West Lothian.</p><br>
<h3>Empire Gabon</h3><br>
<p>Empire Gabon was a 1,925 GRT cargo ship which was built by Flensburger Schiffbau-Gesellschaft, Flensburg. Launched in 1944 as Licentia for J Jost, Flensburg. Seized in May 1945 at Flensburg, to MoWT and renamed Empire Gabon. Allocated in 1946 to USSR and renamed Riazan. Sold in 1979 to new owners in Hamburg, renamed Rudi. Resold to shipbreakers in Santander, Spain.</p><br>
<h3>Empire Gaelic</h3><br>
<p>Empire Gaelic was a 4,840 GRT Landing Ship, Tank (LST) which was built by Davie Shipbuilding and Repairing Co Ltd, Lauzon, Canada. Completed in June 1945 as LST 3507. Converted to a ferry for the Atlantic Steam Navigation Co Ltd and renamed Empire Gaelic. Entered service in January 1949 on the Preston to Larne service. Scrapped in September 1960 at Burcht, Belgium.</p><br>
<h3>Empire Gaffer</h3><br>
<p>Empire Gaffer was a 1,942 GRT cargo ship which was built by Deutsche Werft, Hamburg. Launched in 1945 as Betzdorf for F Krupp & Co, Essen. Seized in May 1945 at Kiel To MoWT and renamed Empire Gaffer. Sold in 1947 to United Baltic Corporation, London and renamed Baltrader, renamed Baltic Fir in 1952. Sold in 1956 to DDG Hansa, Bremen. Rebuilt at Bremerhaven and renamed Arsterturm. Sold in 1969 to Universal Shipping & Coastal Trading Pte Ltd, Bombay, India and renamed Unigoolnar. Sold in 1976 to Sudarsan Liners Ltd, Madras and renamed Sudarsan Shakti. Scrapped in March 1981 in Bombay.</p><br>
<h3>Empire Gage</h3><br>
<p>Empire Gage was a 1,925 GRT cargo ship which was built by Deutsche Werft, Hamburg. Launched in 1943 as Santander for Oldenburg-Portuguese Line. Seized in May 1945 at Copenhagen. To MoWT and renamed Empire Gage. Chartered in August 1945 to the Dutch Government and renamed Arnhem. Allocated in 1946 to USSR and renamed Yaroslavl. Scrapped in 1971 in the USSR.</p><br>
<h3>Empire Gain</h3><br>
<p>Empire Gain was a 3,750 GRT tanker which was built by Sir J Laing & Sons Ltd, Sunderland. Launched on 17 June 1943 and completed in September 1943. Sold in 1946 to the Anglo-Saxon Petroleum Co Ltd and renamed Barbatia. Sold in 1955 to Shell Tankers Ltd, operated under the management of Shell Petroleum Co Ltd. Seized in November 1956 by Egypt during the Suez Crisis. Allocated in 1957 to the Egyptian General Petroleum Organisation and renamed Magd. Allocated in 1961 to the United Arab Maritime Co. Attacked on 8 June 1967 and sunk by Israeli aircraft during the Six-Day War. Her wreck was cleared in 1975 as part of the preparations for the re-opening of the Suez Canal.</p><br>
<h3>Empire Gala (I)</h3><br>
<p>was a 1,923 GRT cargo ship which was built by Nederland Scheepvaart, Amsterdam. Launched in 1944 as Weserstrand for Norddeutscher Lloyd, Bremen. Seized in May 1945 at Kiel. To MoWT and renamed Empire Gala. Allocated in 1946 to USSR and renamed Podolsk. Ran aground on 9 January 1948 at Amhurst Rocks, in the Yangtze Estuary, 60 mi from Wusong. Sank on 11 January 1948.</p><br>
<h3>Empire Gala (II)</h3><br>
<p>was a 9,074 GRT Park ship which was built by Joseph L Thompson & Sons, Sunderland. Launched as Empire Gala but completed as Bir Hakeim for the French Government. Sold to Panama in 1958 and renamed Marionga Maris. Reflagged to Greece in 1961. Sold in 1965 to Liberia and renamed Everlucky. Sold c.1968 to Taiwan and renamed Maritime Express. Scrapped in January 1970 at Kaohsiung, Taiwan.</p><br>
<h3>Empire Galahad</h3><br>
<p>Empire Galahad was a 7,046 GRT refrigerated cargo ship which was built by Lithgows Ltd, Port Glasgow. Launched on 18 May 1942 and completed in July 1942. Sold in 1946 to Blue Star Line Ltd and renamed Celtic Star. Sold in 1947 to Lamport & Holt Line Ltd and renamed Murillo. Sold in 1952 to Industriale Maritima SpA, Genoa and renamed Bogliasco. Diesel engine fitted in 1954. Sold in 1963 to Ocean Shipping & Enterprises SA, Panama and renamed Ocean Peace. Arrived on 13 September 1967 at Kaohsiung, Taiwan for scrapping.</p><br>
<h3>Empire Galashiels</h3><br>
<p>Empire Galashiels was a 1,923 GRT cargo ship which was built by Neptun AG, Rostock. Launched in 1944 as Gunther for Hamburg South America Line. Seized in May 1945 at Rostock. To MoWT and renamed Empire Galashiels. Allocated in 1946 to USSR and renamed Smolensk. Scrapped in 1976 in USSR.</p><br>
<h3>Empire Galaxy</h3><br>
<p>Empire Galaxy was a 1,849 GRT cargo ship which was built by Neptun AG, Rostock. Launched in 1927 as Capri for R M Sloman Jr, Hamburg. Seized in May 1945 at Kiel. To MoWT and renamed Empire Galaxy. Allocated in 1946 to USSR and renamed Naderjda Krupskiar. Removed from shipping registers in 1956.</p><br>
<h3>Empire Galbraith</h3><br>
<p>Empire Galbraith was a 1,923 GRT cargo ship which was built by Verschure & Co&#39;s Scheepswerft en Maschinenfabriek, Amsterdam. Launched in 1944 as Hendrik Fisser V for Fisser & Van Doornum, Emden. Seized in May 1945 at Kiel in a damaged condition. To MoWT and renamed Empire Galbraith. Sold in 1946 to Currie Line Ltd, Leith and renamed Highland. Sold in 1959 to Dundee, Perth & London Shipping Co Ltd and renamed Gowrie. Sold in 1963 to G Vlassis & Co, Greece, and renamed Hermanos. Scrapped in December 1969 in Vado, Italy.</p><br>
<h3>Empire Gale</h3><br>
<p>Empire Gale was a 7,122 GRT cargo ship which was built by Vickers-Armstrongs Ltd, Barrow in Furness. Launched on 29 April 1941 and completed in June 1941. Sold in 1946 to Medomsley Steam Shipping Co Ltd and renamed Langleedale. Sold in 1953 to Compagnia Navigazione Logos SA, Greece and renamed Entopan. Arrived on 12 July 1968 at Whampoa, Hong Kong for scrapping.</p><br>
<p>Note: Ship is mentioned as CAM ship in Hague records (e.g. SC.65).</p><br>
<h3>Empire Galena</h3><br>
<p>Empire Galena was a 1,925 GRT cargo ship which was built by J Cockerill SA, Hoboken, Belgium. Launched in 1943 as Weserstrom for Norddeutscher Lloyd, Bremen. Seized in May 1945 at Kiel. To MoWT and renamed Empire Galena. Sold in 1946 to the General Steam Navigation Co Ltd and renamed Albatross. Sold in 1958 to National Shipping Lines of South Africa and renamed Port Capetown. Sold in 1959 to African Coasters (Pty) Ltd, Durban and renamed Frontier. Sold in 1966 to Summit Navigation Co, Hong Kong, and renamed Fortune. Scrapped in December 1968 in Hong Kong.</p><br>
<h3>Empire Gallant</h3><br>
<h3>Empire Galleon</h3><br>
<p>Empire Galleon was a 1,923 GRT cargo ship which was built by Van Vliet & Co, Hardinxveld, Netherlands. Launched in 1944 as Elmenhorst for Bock, Godeffroy & Co, Hamburg. Seized in May 1945 at Kiel. To MoWT and renamed Empire Galleon. Allocated in 1946 to USSR and renamed Kazan. Scrapped in 1973 in USSR.</p><br>
<h3>Empire Gallery</h3><br>
<p>Empire Gallery was a 1,925 GRT cargo ship which was built by P Smit, Rotterdam. Launched in 1944 as Weserburg for Norddeutscher Lloyd, Bremen. Seized in May 1945 at Kiel. to MoWT and renamed Empire Gallery. On 10 October 1945 she struck a mine 15 nmi off the Cordouan lighthouse and was disabled. Towed to Le Verdon-sur-Mer. Arrived on 7 January 1946 under tow at Penarth for repairs. Sold in 1947 to Straits Steamship Co Ltd, Singapore and renamed Kampar. Sold in 1957 to Hellenic Lines Ltd, Greece, and renamed Anglia. Sold in 1958 to Universal Cargo Carriers, Panama. Scrapped in April 1974 in Gemlik, Turkey.</p><br>
<h3>Empire Galliard</h3><br>
<p>Empire Galliard was a 7,170 GRT cargo ship which was built by J L Thompson & Sons Ltd, Sunderland. Launched on 27 June 1942 and completed in September 1942. Allocated in 1943 to the Dutch Government and renamed Aert van der Neer. Sold in 1946 to Koninklijke Hollandsche Lloyd and renamed Maasland. Sold in 1959 to Cerrahogullari Umumi Nakliyat Vapurculuk ve Ticaret TAS, Turkey and renamed M Borgul. Scrapped in October 1966 in Istanbul.</p><br>
<h3>Empire Gallic</h3><br>
<p>Empire Gallic was a 1,944 GRT cargo ship which was built by T U K Smit, Netherlands. Launched in 1944 and completed by Deutsche Werft, Hamburg as Hendrik Fisser VII for Fisser & Van Doornum, Emden. Seized in May 1945 at Kiel. To MoWT and renamed Empire Gallic. Allocated in 1946 to USSR and renamed Rjev. Scrapped in July 1970 in Hamburg.</p><br>
<h3>Empire Gallop</h3><br>
<p>Empire Gallop was a 1,944 GRT cargo ship which was built by Deutsche Werft, Hamburg. Launched in 1944 as Fangturm for DDG Hansa, Bremen. Seized in May 1945 at Kiel. To MoWT and renamed Empire Gallop. Sold in 1947 to the United Baltic Corporation, London, and renamed Baltonia. Renamed Baltic Oak in 1953. Sold in 1957 to Bock, Godeffroy & Co, Germany, and renamed Palmyra. Collided on 27 March 1962 with British Mariner 18 nmi of Ushant, France and sank.</p><br>
<h3>Empire Galloper</h3><br>
<p>The name Empire Galloper was not used on any ship, although it was allocated. It is thought that the ship that the name was intended for was a 7,000 GRT cargo ship which was laid down at Kockums Meckaniska Verstad, Malmö, Sweden. Launched in 1940 as Octavi for German owners. Taken to Deutsche Werft, Hamburg for completion. Seized in May 1945 in an incomplete state at Hamburg. Allocated in 1946 to Belgium without an "Empire" name being confirmed. Towed to Antwerp for completion by Mercantile Marine Engineering & Graving Docks Co. Completed as 6,917 GRT El Gaucho for Sociedad Anónima Comercial de Exportación y Importación y Financera, Argentina. Sold in 1964 to Mararte Compañia de Navigazione, Panama and renamed Rosarino. Operated under the management of Dodero Line, Argentina. Renamed Plate Lancer in 1967 and management transferred to Compagnie Maritime et Commerciale, Paris. On 8 April 1969 suffered a major engine breakdown. Repairs were found to be uneconomic so she was scrapped in September 1969 in Hamburg.</p><br>
<h3>Empire Galveston</h3><br>
<h3>Empire Galway</h3><br>
<p>Empire Galway was a 1,944 GRT cargo ship which was built by Deutsche Werft, Hamburg. Launched in 1944 as Schauenberg for H Schuldt, Hamburg. Seized in May 1945 at Flensburg. To MoWT and renamed Empire Galway. Allocated in 1946 to Belgium. To Ministry of Marine, Belgian Government and renamed Kinshasa. Sold in 1950 to Compagnie Maritime Congolaise, Belgium. Sold in 1951 to D/S A/S Ibis, Norway, and renamed Anne Reed. Rebuilt in 1956 at Hamburg for DDG Hansa, Bremen and renamed Pagenturm. Scrapped in June 1964 at Spezia, Italy.</p><br>
<h3>Empire Gambia</h3><br>
<p>Empire Gambia was a 7,074 GRT cargo ship which was built by Harland & Wolff Ltd, Glasgow. Launched on 14 May 1944 and completed in July 1945. Sold in 1946 to King Line Ltd and renamed King Edgar. Operated under the management of Dodd, Thompson & Co Ltd, London. Arrived on 4 May 1959 at Kobe, Japan for scrapping.</p><br>
<h3>Empire Game</h3><br>
<p>Empire Game was a 1,925 GRT cargo ship which was built by Van der Giessen, Krimpen aan den IJssel. Launched in 1943 as Brunhilde for Hamburg South-America Line. Seized in May 1945 at Kiel. To MoWT and renamed Empire Game. Sold in 1947 to Mundus Export & Shipping Co and renamed Canford. Rebuilt in 1956 at Bremerhaven for DDG Hansa, Bremen and renamed Fangturm. Sold in 1961 to Rio Pardo, Beirut and renamed Panaghia Lourion. Sold in 1967 to Tamrai Compagnia Navigazione, Greece and renamed Aghia Thalassini. Sold in 1970 to Aldebaran Shipping Co, Cyprus. Scrapped in 1974 in Greece.</p><br>
<h3>Empire Ganges</h3><br>
<p>Empire Ganges was a 3,750 GRT tanker which was built by J L Thompson & Sons Ltd, Sunderland. Launched on 18 September 1944 and completed in January 1945. Sold in 1946 to Anglo-Saxon Petroleum Co Ltd and renamed Bolma. Sold in 1955 to Shell Tankers Ltd, operated under the management of Shell Petroleum Co Ltd. Sold in 1956 to F T Everard & Sons Ltd and renamed Astrality. Sold in 1965 to Marittima Fluviale Meridionale and renamed Monte Berico. Operated under the management of V Bellerino, Italy. Sold in 1967 to Venezia Tankers SAS, Italy and then in 1973 to Misano de Navigazione, SpA, Palermo. Sold in 1976 to F S Salonia, Rome and then in 1977 to Maralba SpA, Palermo. Scrapped in November 1978 in Spezia, Italy.</p><br>
<h3>Empire Gangway</h3><br>
<p>Empire Gangway was a 1,942 GRT cargo ship which was built by Deutsche Werft, Hamburg. Launched in 1944 as Weserwehr for Norddeutscher Lloyd, Bremen. Seized in May 1945 at Bremerhaven. To MoWT and renamed Empire Gangway. Allocated in 1946 to Canada. Sold in 1948 to Clark Steamship Co, Montreal, Quebec. Renamed Novaport in 1950. Sold in 1964 to Eagle Ocean Transport Inc, Panama, and renamed Fury. On 1 December 1964 she was driven ashore at Wedge Island, Nova Scotia in hurricane-force winds. Ended up stranded on an inshore reef and declared a total loss.</p><br>
<h3>Empire Gannet (I)</h3><br>
<p>Empire Gannet was a 5,627 GRT cargo ship which was built by J. F. Duthie & Company, Seattle for the United States Shipping Board. Launched in 1919 as Dewey. Sold in 1928 to Oceanic & Oriental Nav. Co, San Francisco and renamed Golden Fleece. Sold in 1937 to American Hawaiian Steamship Co, New York and renamed Louisianian. To MoWT in 1940 and renamed Empire Gannet managed by Runciman Ltd. Sold to Aurora Shipping Co in 1946 and renamed Arion. Operated under the management of Goulandris Bros, London. Sold in 1949 to Cia Maritima del Este, Panama, still the management of Goulandris Bros. Sold in 1955 to Soc de Navegaceon Arion, Panama, remaining under the management of Goulandris Bros. Sold in 1956 to Cia de Vapores San Elefterio, Panama, renamed St. Elefterio. Sprang a leak and sank on 6 February 1958 at {{coord|21|54|N|64|46|W}}.</p><br>
<h3>Empire Gannet (II)</h3><br>
<p>Empire Gannet was a 4,259 GRT LST (3) which was built by Harland and Wolff Ltd, Belfast. Launched in March 1945 as LST 3006, later commissioned as HMS Tromsø. To Ministry of Transport (MoT) in 1956 and renamed Empire Gannet registered in London. Operated under the management of British India Steam Navigation Co Ltd. Scrapped in August 1968 in Singapore.</p><br>
<h3>Empire Gantock</h3><br>
<p>Empire Gantock was a 7,331 GRT cargo ship which was built by Shipbuilding Corporation Ltd, Newcastle upon Tyne. Launched on 16 April 1942 as Empire Gantock and completed in August 1946 as Martita for Kaye, Son & Co Ltd. Sold in 1960 to Compagnia Navigazione Almadin, Greece, and renamed Maroudio. Sold in 1965 to Panafrica Atlantic Corp, Panama and renamed Thalie. Operated under the management of East and West Africa Shipping Co. Arrived on 15 June 1968 at Vado for scrapping.</p><br>
<h3>Empire Gantry</h3><br>
<p>Empire Gantry was a 1.925 GRT cargo ship which was built by Werf de Noord, Alblasserdam, Netherlands. Launched in 1944 as Imkenturm for DDG Hansa, Bremen. Completed by Flensburger Schiff-Geschellschaft, Flensburg. Seized in May 1945 at Flensburg. To MoWT and renamed Empire Gantry. Allocated in 1946 to USSR and renamed Feodosia. Sold in 1947 to Gdynia America Lines, Poland. Sold in 1951 to Polska Żegluga Morska, Szczecin and renamed Olsztyn. Scrapped in January 1972 in Bruges.</p><br>
<h3>Empire Ganymede</h3><br>
<p>Empire Ganymede was a 1,923 GRT cargo ship which was built by Deutsche Werft, Hamburg. Launched in 1944 as Adamsturm for DDG Hansa, Bremen. Seized in May 1945 at Hamburg. To MoWT and renamed Empire Ganymede. Sold in 1947 to United Baltic Corporation and renamed Baltanglia. Renamed Baltic Pine in 1952. Sold in 1954 to Hellenic Lines, Greece, and renamed Germania. Collided on 26 April 1955 with SS Maro 4 nmi south of Beachy Head, Sussex and grounded near the Beachy Head Lighthouse. Refloated on 30 November 1955 and beached in Pevensey Bay with her back broken. Declared a constructive total loss. Sold and towed to Germany where she was repaired. Sold to Argo Line, Bremen and renamed Auriga. Scrapped in January 1965 in Bremerhaven, Germany.</p><br>
<h3>Empire Garden</h3><br>
<p>Empire Garden was an 8,923 GRT tanker which was built by Howaldtswerke, Kiel. Completed in 1919 as Gedania for Baltisch-Amerikanische Petroleum Import Gesellschaft, Danzig. Requisitioned by the Kriegsmarine in 1940 and converted in 1941 at St Nazaire to a supply vessel. Captured on 4 June 1941 near Iceland by . To MoWT and renamed Empire Garden. Sold in 1947 to Christian Salvesen Ltd, Leith and renamed Southern Garden. Scrapped in August 1960 in Inverkeithing, Fife.</p><br>
<h3>Empire Gareth</h3><br>
<p>Empire Gareth was a 2,873 GRT cargo ship which was built by William Gray & Company, West Hartlepool. Launched on 1 May 1942 and completed in June 1942. Sold in 1947 to WH Cockerline & Co Ltd, Hull and renamed Athenic. Sold in 1954 to Société Anonyme Maritime et Commerciale, Switzerland and renamed Astarte. Sold in 1960 to A Halcoussis & Co, Greece and renamed Yanix. Sold in 1961 to Nicos Compagnia Navigazione SA and renamed Nicos. Operated under the management of Halcoussis. Arrived on 7 January 1968 at Palermo under tow with engine damage. Laid up, towed to Spezia where she arrived on 6 May 1968 for scrapping.</p><br>
<h3>Empire Garland</h3><br>
<p>Empire Garland was a 1,925 GRT cargo ship which was built by Stettiner Vulkan Werft AG, Stettin. Launched in 1944 as Njong for Deutsche-Afrika Line. Seized in May 1945 at Flensburg. To MoWT and renamed Empire Garland. Sold in 1947 to the General Steam Navigation Co Ltd and renamed Sheldrake. Sold in 1959 to Johal Navigation Ltd, Liberia and renamed Salemstar. Sold in 1960 to Johal Navigation Ltd, Greece, and renamed Ambelos. Sold in 1961 to N J Goumas, Greece, and renamed Marmina. Sold in 1968 to C Raikos & F Raikou, Greece, and renamed Filio. Scrapped in June 1972 in Aspropyrgos, Greece.</p><br>
<h3>Empire Garner</h3><br>
<p>Empire Garner was a 1,923 GRT cargo ship which was built by NV Werft Gusto, Schiedam, Netherlands. Launched in 1943 as Hendrik Fisser VI for Fisser & Van Doornum, Emden. Seized in May 1945 at Kiel. To MoWT and renamed Empire Garner. Allocated to USSR in 1946 and renamed Ribinsk.</p><br>
<h3>Empire Garnet</h3><br>
<p>Empire Garnet was a 298 GRT coastal tanker which was built by Rowhedge Ironworks Ltd, Rowhedge, Essex. Launched on 10 July 1941 as Empire Garnet and completed in November 1941 as Empire Lad. Sold in 1946 to Anglo-American Oil Co Ltd and renamed Esso Suwanee Sold in 1951 to Esso Petroleum Co Ltd. Sold in 1960 to P L Den Breejen, Netherlands. Sold in 1963 to Compagnia Comercio Navigazione Alpes, Panama. Converted to carry dry cargo, now 331 GRT and renamed USA. Sold in 1966 to Autco SA, Panama, and renamed Pejerey. Renamed Esterel in 1966. Sold in 1968 to Columbo Shipping Co, Panama and renamed Westerend. Sold in 1970 to Albina SA, Panama, renamed Sunrise then Grace. Sold in 1971 to D P Gousetis, Greece, and renamed Captain Stelios. Sold in 1975 to C Dagadakis, Greece, and renamed San Liberal. Sold in 1977 to E & G Kottis, Greece, and renamed Kleopatra.</p><br>
<h3>Empire Garrick</h3><br>
<p>Empire Garrick was an 8,128 GRT tanker which was built by Swan, Hunter & Wigham Richardson Ltd, Wallsend. Launched on 14 May 1942 and completed in July 1942. Sold in 1945 to the British Tanker Co Ltd and renamed British Guardsman. Sold in 1951 to British Oil Shipping Co Ltd and renamed Alan Evelyn. Operated under the management of Stevinson, Hardy & Co Ltd, London. Sold in 1955 to Duff, Herbert & Mitchell Ltd and renamed Westbrook. Fire amidships on 28 July 1959 when laid up at Barry, Glamorgan. Sold for scrapping, arrived on 16 March 1960 at Cashmore&#39;s, Newport, Monmouthshire.</p><br>
<h3>Empire Garrison</h3><br>
<p>Empire Garrison was a 1,925 GRT cargo ship which was built by Maatschappij de Schelde, Vlissingen. Launched in 1944 as Kalliope for Neptun Line, Bremen. Seized in May 1945 at Flensburg. To MoWT and renamed Empire Garrison. Sold in 1947 to the Ulster Steamship Co Ltd and renamed Bengore Head. Operated under the management of G Heyn & Sons. Sold in 1967 to Canopus Shipping SA, Greece, and renamed Agios Nektarios. Sold in 1971 to Aldebaran Shipping Co, Cyprus. Scrapped in January 1974 in Spain.</p><br>
<h3>Empire Garry</h3><br>
<p>Empire Garry was an 8,457 GRT cargo ship which was built by Deutsche Schiff- und Maschinenbau, Bremen. Launched in 1928 as Treuenfels for DDG Hansa, Bremen. Seized in June 1945 at Aarhus, Denmark. Taken to Kiel and laid up for 18 months. Arrived in Leith in March 1947. To MoT and renamed Empire Garry. Sold in 1949 to Haddon Steamship Co Ltd and renamed Vergray. Sold in 1951 to Israel-America Line, Israel and renamed Elath. Sold in 1956 to Nichiro Gyogyo KK, Japan, and renamed Shinano Maru. A new diesel engine was fitted in 1961 when she was converted to a fish factory ship, now 9,035 GRT. Scrapped in August 1972 in Taiwan.</p><br>
<h3>Empire Garston</h3><br>
<p>Empire Garston was a 1,958 GRT cargo ship which was built by Flensburger Schiff-Gesellschaft, Flensburg. Launched in 1930 as Lipari for R M Sloman, Hamburg. Interned on 30 December 1942 at Cartagena, Spain. Surrendered to UK in 1945. To MoWT and renamed Empire Garston. Allocated in 1946 to the Netherlands. To Dutch Government and renamed Arnhem. Sold in 1947 to Koninklijke Nederlandsche Stoomboot Maatschappij and renamed Orion. Scrapped in 1960 in Antwerp.</p><br>
<h3>Empire Gat</h3><br>
<p>Empire Gat was an 871 GRT coaster which was built by A & J Inglis Ltd, Glasgow. Launched on 13 November 1940 and completed in April 1941. Sold in 1947 to G Gibson & Co Ltd and renamed Borthwick. Sold in 1960 to Ubaldo Gennari fu Torqueto & Co, Italy and renamed Agostino. Sold in 1971 to Sinavi, Italy. Sold in 1972 to Ivy Shipping Co SA, Panama, and renamed Ivy. Deleted from shipping registers in 1986.</p><br>
<h3>Empire Gatehouse</h3><br>
<p>Empire Gatehouse was a 1,924 GRT cargo ship which was built by Lübecker Flenderwerke AG, Lübeck. Launched in 1943 as Tiefland for Hamburg South America Line. Seized in May 1945 at Brunsbüttel. To MoWT and renamed Empire Gatehouse. Allocated in 1947 to Canada. To Gulfport Steamship Co, Montreal and renamed Gulfport. Sold in 1964 to Alma Shipping Co, Liberia, and renamed Stefani. Sold in 1966 to M N Arcadis, Liberia and renamed Agia Marina. Sold in 1967 to Bright Shipping Co, Greece, and renamed Bright. Sold in 1969 to Khalda Shipping Co, Panama, and renamed Khalda. Grounded in December 1970 in the Gulf of Suez, refloated on 1 January 1971. Under arrest in 1974 at Massawa, Ethiopia. Sold in 1977 by Court Order to A W & Y F Obeid, Massawa. Reported to be in a damaged condition at the time and to have been scrapped in 1982.</p><br>
<h3>Empire Gatwick</h3><br>
<h3>Empire Gauntlet</h3><br>
<p>Empire Gauntlet was a 7,177 GRT Landing Ship, Infantry (LSI) which was built by Consolidated Steel Corporation, Wilmington, California. Laid down as Cape Comorin and completed in January 1944 as Empire Gauntlet. To Royal Navy in 1944 as HMS Sefton. To MoWT in September 1946 and renamed Empire Gauntlet. To United States Maritime Commission (USMC) in 1947 and renamed Cape Comorin. Scrapped in December 1964 in Portsmouth, Virginia.</p><br>
<h3>Empire Gavel</h3><br>
<p>Empire Gavel was a 1,923 GRT cargo ship which was built by Lübecker Flenderwerke AG, Lübeck. Launched in 1944 as Setubal for Oldenberg-Portuguese Line. Seized in May 1945 at Lübeck. To MoWT and renamed Empire Gavel. Allocated to Greece in 1946 and renamed Rodopi. Sold in 1949 to Hellenic Lines, Greece. Scrapped in April 1974 in Turkey.</p><br>
<h3>Empire Gawain</h3><br>
<p>Empire Gawain was a 784 GRT coastal tanker which was built by Grangemouth Dockyard Co Ltd, Grangemouth. Launched on 16 April 1942 and completed in June 1942. Sold in 1946 to Anglo-American Oil Co Ltd and renamed Esso Dakotah. Sold in 1951 to Esso Petroleum Co Ltd. Scrapped in 1962 in Boom, Belgium.</p><br>
<h3>Empire Gazelle</h3><br>
<p>Empire Gazelle was a 4,828 GRT cargo ship which was built by Todd Drydock and Construction Company, Tacoma, Washington. Launched in 1919 as Higho for the United States Shipping Board (USSB). To American West African Line in 1928. Operated under the management of Barber Steamship Lines Inc. To MoWT in 1941 and renamed Empire Gazelle, managed by Charente S.S. Company (Harrison Line). Sold in 1946 to Williamson & Co Ltd, Hong Kong, and renamed Inchmay. Scrapped in 1954 at Yawata, Japan.</p><br>
<h3>Empire Gem</h3><br>
<p>Empire Gem was an 8,139 GRT tanker which was built by Harland & Wolff Ltd, Govan. Launched on 29 May 1941 and completed in September 1941. Torpedoed on 24 January 1942 by at {{coord|35|06|N|74|58|W}}. Broke in two, stern section sank, bow section taken in tow but sank at {{coord|35|02|N|75|33|W}}.</p><br>
<p>The wreck and remains of the Empire Gem were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2013.</p><br>
<h3>Empire Gemsbuck</h3><br>
<p>Empire Gemsbuck was a 5,919 GRT cargo ship which was built by the Ames Shipbuilding and Drydock Company, Seattle. Ordered during the First World War as War Juno for the British Shipping Controller. Completed in June 1919 as Western Glenn for the USSB. To Williams Steamship Co Inc, New York in 1927 and renamed Willwello. To American Intercoastal Steamship Corp, New York in 1928. To Pacific-Atlantic Steamship Company, Portland, Oregon in 1929 and renamed San Felipe. To Ministry of Supply in 1940 and renamed Empire Gemsbuck. Torpedoed on 3 November 1941 and sunk by at {{coord|52|18|N|53|05|W}} while a member of Convoy SC 52.</p><br>
<h3>Empire General</h3><br>
<p>Empire General was a 7,359 GRT cargo ship which was built by William Doxford & Sons Ltd, Sunderland. Launched on 11 November 1943 and completed in March 1944. Sold in 1947 to the West Hartlepool Steam Navigation Co Ltd and renamed Hendonhall. Sold in 1958 to Lebanesa Ltda SA, Panama and renamed Taxiarhis. Operated under the management of L Nomikos, Greece. On 3 June 1958, she suffered a fire while at Bahrain and was beached. Refloated on 8 June and sailed in ballast to South Shields for repairs. Renamed Tony C in 1971, scrapped in April 1972 at Skaramagas, Greece.</p><br>
<h3>Empire George</h3><br>
<p>Empire George was to have been a 235 GRT tug which was built by A Hall & Co Ltd, Aberdeen. The contract for building her was cancelled when she was two-thirds complete and she was scrapped on the stocks.</p><br>
<h3>Empire Geraint</h3><br>
<p>Empire Geraint was a 7,030 GRT cargo ship which was built by C Connell & Co Ltd, Glasgow. Launched on 1 September 1942 and completed in December 1942. Torpedoed on 6 March 1945 and damaged by off Milford Haven. Beached with her back broken. Refloated on 30 April 1945 and towed to Newport, Monmouthshire for repairs. Sold in 1946 to Lamport & Holt Line Ltd and renamed Millais. Sold in 1952 to Blue Star Line and renamed Oregon Star. Sold in 1954 to Iris Shipping & Trading Corp, Panama, and renamed Captayannis. Operated under the management of Syros Shipping Co Ltd, London. on 28 February 1962 she ran aground off the Goeree lighthouse, Netherlands ({{coord|51|40|N|03|25|E}}). Refloated and towed to Rotterdam. Uneconomic to repair, sold and scrapped in April 1962 at Hendrik-Ido-Ambacht.</p><br>
<h3>Empire Ghyll</h3><br>
<p>Empire Ghyll was a 2,011 GRT collier which was built by Grangemouth Dockyard Ltd, Grangemouth. Launched on 9 June 1941 and completed in September 1941. Struck a mine on 18 October 1941 and sank in the Barrow Deep, Thames Estuary.</p><br>
<h3>Empire Gilbert</h3><br>
<p>Empire Gilbert was a 6,640 GRT cargo ship which was built by Bartram & Sons Ltd, Sunderland. Launched on 28 July 1941 and completed in October 1941. Torpedoed on 2 November 1942 and sunk by at {{coord|70|15|N|13|50|E}}.</p><br>
<h3>Empire Gillian</h3><br>
<p>Empire Gillian was a 306 GRT coaster which was built by Richards Ironworks Ltd, Lowestoft. Launched on 24 May 1944 and completed in August 1944. To the French Government in 1945 and renamed Brescou. Sold to Compagnie Meridionele de Navigation, France. Scrapped in August 1970 in La Seyne, France.</p><br>
<h3>Empire Glade</h3><br>
<p>was a 7,006 GRT cargo ship which was built by Barclay, Curle & Co Ltd, Glasgow. Launched on 12 June 1941 and completed in September 1941. The ship was one of 12 in the first large convoy redeploying Australian troops from the Middle East, designated SU.1 with 10,090 troops under escort led by , sailing in early March 1942 from Colombo to Australia. Managed by Blue Star Line and damaged on 28 November 1942 by gunfire from at {{coord|17|16|N|48|44|W}}. Sold in 1945 to Ulster Steamship Co Ltd and renamed Inishowen Head. Sold in 1962 to Platsani Ltda SA, and renamed Maria N. Operated under the management of L Nomicos, Greece. Arrived under tow on 10 July 1972 at Istanbul for scrapping.</p><br>
<h3>Empire Gladstone</h3><br>
<p>Empire Gladstone was a 7,090 GRT cargo ship which was built by Shipbuilding Corporation Ltd, Sunderland. Launched on 24 February 1944 and completed in May 1944. Ran aground on 5 September 1950 at Haystack Rock, 8 nmi north of Twofold Point ({{coord|36|56|S|149|57|E}}). Declared a total loss, sold locally on 21 September 1950 for scrapping.</p><br>
<h3>Empire Glen</h3><br>
<p>Empire Glen was a 6,327 GRT cargo ship which was built by C Connell & Co Ltd, Glasgow. Launched on 24 May 1941 and completed in July 1941. Sold in 1945 to Alexander Shipping Co and renamed Aylesbury. Operated under the management of Capper, Alexander & Co. Sold in 1948 to Gibbs & Co, Cardiff and renamed West Wales. Sold in 1961 to Iranian Lloyd Co Ltd, Iran and renamed Persian Xerxes. Scrapped in September 1964 at Hendrik-Ido-Ambacht, Netherlands.</p><br>
<h3>Empire Glencoe</h3><br>
<p>Empire Glencoe was a 4,854 GRT cargo ship which was built by Nordseewerke, Emden. Launched in 1941 as Atlas for German owners. Sunk in 1941 in an air raid, later raised. Seized in May 1945 at Kiel in an incomplete state. Completed in 1948, to MoT in and renamed Empire Glencoe. Sale to H P Lenaghan & Son, Belfast and renaming to Bantry Bay in 1952-55 not completed. Sold in 1955 to Karl Gross KG, Bremen and renamed Regine. Renamed Regine Ohlrogge in 1956 and reverted to Regine in 1959. Scrapped in Santander, Spain in September 1976.</p><br>
<h3>Empire Glory</h3><br>
<p>was a 7,290 GRT cargo ship which was built by Burntisland Shipbuilding Company Ltd, Fife. Launched on 20 April 1943 and completed in June 1943. Sold in 1948 to British India Steam Navigation Co Ltd and renamed Goalpara. Sold in 1953 to Bharat Line Ltd, India, and renamed Bharatveer. Came ashore on 21 October 1953 5 nmi north of Madras in a cyclone. A fire broke out on 23 October and the vessel was a constructive total loss, so she was sold in Bombay in January 1964 for scrapping.</p><br>
<h3>Empire Gnome</h3><br>
<p>Empire Gnome was a 235 GRT tug which was built by A Hall & Co, Aberdeen. Launched on 30 April 1942 and completed in July 1942. sold in 1949 to Nederland-Indonesia Steenkolen Handel Maatschappij and renamed Jacobs. Sold in 1959 to the Government of Indonesia. Sold in 1961 to P T Pelayaran Adhiguna, Indonesia and renamed Laut Jamdena. Sold in 1972 to Bahadjas Raya, Indonesia.</p><br>
<h3>Empire Goblin</h3><br>
<p>Empire Goblin was a 275 GRT tug which was built by Cochrane & Sons Ltd, Selby. Launched on 19 January 1942 and completed in June 1942. Sold in 1948 to Angel, Gardella Ltd, Argentina and renamed Bio Bio. On shipping registers until 1984.</p><br>
<h3>Empire Gold</h3><br>
<p>Empire Gold was an 8,028 GRT tanker which was built by Furness Shipbuilding Co Ltd, Haverton Hill-on-Tees. Launched on 4 October 1940 and completed in February 1941. Name Eppingdale allocated but the ship was not taken over by the Admiralty. Torpedoed on 18 April 1945 by at {{coord|47|47|N|06|26|W}} while a member of Convoy HX 348. The ship caught fire and broke in two, both parts sank.</p><br>
<h3>Empire Goodwin</h3><br>
<p>Empire Goodwin was a 7,170 GRT cargo ship which was built by William Hamilton & Co Ltd, Port Glasgow. Launched on 6 August 1945 and completed in December 1945. Sold in 1947 to Denholm Line Steamers Ltd and renamed Garvelpark. Operated under the management of J & J Denholm Ltd. Sold in 1958 to Trans-Oceanic Steamship Co Ltd, Pakistan and renamed Ocean Ensign. Scrapped in January 1971 at Gadani Beach, Karachi.</p><br>
<h3>Empire Governor</h3><br>
<p>Empire Governor was an 8,657 GRT cargo ship which was built by Cantiere San Rocco SA, Trieste. Launched in 1925 as Esquilino for LLoyd Triestino, Trieste. Seized on 10 June 1940 at Aden. To MoWT and renamed Empire Governor. Scrapping commenced in 1946 at Dalmuir and was completed in Troon.</p><br>
<h3>Empire Gower</h3><br>
<p>Empire Gower was a 2,849 GRT collier which was built by William Gray & Co, West Hartlepool. Launched on 18 January 1946 and completed in March 1946. Sold in 1946 to Stephenson Clarke Ltd and renamed Rogate. Sold in 1964 to Aghia Barbara Compagnia Marittima, Panama and renamed Santa Barbara. Operated under the management of K & M Shipbrokers Ltd, London. Sold in 1969 to Naveprimo Compagnia Marittima, Panama. Operated under the management of P Vlastos, Greece. Scrapped in August 1972 at Perama, Greece.</p><br>
<h3>Empire Grace</h3><br>
<p>Empire Grace was a 13,478 GRT cargo liner which was built by Harland & Wolff Ltd, Belfast. Launched on 25 August 1941 and completed in April 1942. Sold in 1946 to Shaw, Savill & Albion Co Ltd, Glasgow. Ran aground on 14 August 1963 at Kanholmsfjärden. Refloated on 26 August but declared a constructive total loss. Arrived on 25 October 1963 at Faslane for scrapping.</p><br>
<h3>Empire Grange</h3><br>
<p>Empire Grange was a 6,981 GRT cargo ship which was built by Harland & Wolff Ltd, Belfast. Launched on 23 September 1942 and completed in March 1943. Sold in 1946 to King Line Ltd and renamed King Robert. Operated under the management of Dodd, Thompson & Co Ltd. Sold in 1961 to Mullion & Co Ltd, Hong Kong, and renamed Ardgem. Sold in 1967 to Kelso Shipping Co Ltd, Gibraltar and renamed Kelso. Operated under the management of Mullion & Co. Arrived on 2 September 1969 at Kaohsiung, Taiwan for scrapping.</p><br>
<h3>Empire Granite (I)</h3><br>
<p>Empire Granite was an 8,150 GRT tanker which was built by R & W Hawthorn Leslie & Co Ltd, Newcastle upon Tyne. Launched on 29 November 1940 and completed in March 1941 as RFA Echodale. Arrived on 20 September 1961 at Spezia, Italy for scrapping.</p><br>
<h3>Empire Granite (II)</h3><br>
<p>Empire Granite was a 8,028 GRT tanker which was built by Furness Shipbuilding Ltd, Haverton-Hill-on-Tees. Launched on 12 December 1940 and completed in March 1941. Sold to Anglo-Saxon Petroleum Co. Ltd. in 1946 and renamed Kennerleya. Arrived at Spezia for breaking on 4 February 1960.</p><br>
<h3>Empire Grassland</h3><br>
<p>Empire Grassland was a 683 GRT hopper ship which was built by Fleming & Ferguson Ltd, Paisley. Launched on 16 May 1945 and completed in June 1945. To the Superintendent Civil Engineer, Bombay, then sold in 1946 to Melbourne Harbour Trust Commissioners, Melbourne, Australia. Foundered on 20 January 1947 after hopper doors broke off in heavy seas 70 nmi north north west of Carnarvon, Western Australia while being towed from Singapore to Melbourne by Empire Downland.</p><br>
<h3>Empire Grebe (I)</h3><br>
<p>Empire Grebe was a 5,736 GRT cargo ship which was built by Northwest Steel Co, Portland, Oregon. Launched in December 1918 as West Wauna for the USSB. To MoWT in 1941 and renamed Empire Grebe. Sold in 1946 to Williamson & Co Ltd, Hong Kong, and renamed Inchmark. Ran aground on 29 May 1949 at Schilpad Island Reef, Banda Sea ({{coord|7|05|S|132|03|E}}), a total loss.</p><br>
<h3>Empire Grebe (II)</h3><br>
<p>Empire Grebe was a 4,820 GRT LST which was built by Fairfield Shipbuilding & Engineering Co Ltd, Govan. Launched in July 1945 as LST 3038. Became HMS Fighter. To MoT in 1956 and renamed Empire Grebe. Operated under the management of Atlantic Steam Navigation Co Ltd. Management transferred to British India Steam Navigation Co Ltd in 1961. Scrapped in August 1968 in Singapore.</p><br>
<h3>Empire Grenada</h3><br>
<p>Empire Grenada was an 8,231 GRT tanker which was built by Harland & Wolff Ltd, Govan. Launched on 20 December 1945 as Empire Grenada and completed in April 1946 as British Piper for British Tanker Co Ltd. Arrived on 10 November 1961 at Newport, Monmouthshire for scrapping.</p><br>
<h3>Empire Grenadier</h3><br>
<p>Empire Grenadier was a 9,811 GRT tanker which was built by Furness Shipbuilding Co Ltd, Haverton Hill-on-Tees. Launched on 25 August 1942 and completed in October 1942. Sold in 1946 to Shell Company of Gibraltar Ltd and renamed Ficus. Arrived on 6 August 1960 at the Clyde anchorage for scrapping at Port Glasgow.</p><br>
<h3>Empire Grenfell</h3><br>
<p>Empire Grenfell was a 7,238 GRT cargo ship which was built by William Doxford & Sons Ltd, Sunderland. Launched on 30 June 1941 and completed in November 1941. To the Norwegian Government in 1942 and renamed King Sverre. Sold in 1946 to A/S P Kleppe, Norway, and renamed Martha Kleppe. Sold in 1959 to A/S Rona and renamed Reina. Operated under the management of T J Skogland A/S, Norway. Sold in 1960 to Compagnia Navigazione Overseas Transport SA and renamed Miami. Operated under the management of J W Elwell & Co, United States. Sold in 1965 to Tenodian Shipping Co Ltd, Liberia, and renamed Impala. Arrived on 1 May 1968 at Kaohsiung, Taiwan for scrapping.</p><br>
<h3>Empire Greta</h3><br>
<p>Empire Greta was a 292 GRT tug which was built by Cochrane & Sons Ltd, Selby. Launched on 12 June 1945 and completed in February 1942. Sold in 1947 to James Contracting & Shipping Co Ltd and renamed Foremost 105. Sold in 1949 to Cork Harbour Commissioners, Cork, Ireland. Disabled in November 1968 on a voyage from Cork to Penzance. Towed in by Dutch tug Groningen but later moved to Falmouth where the Admiralty Marshal arrested her on behalf of the salvor&#39;s owners. Sold in 1971 to Sapsin Property Company, Devon. Arrived on 12 March 1973 at Bilbao, Spain for scrapping.</p><br>
<h3>Empire Grey</h3><br>
<p>Empire Grey was a 6,140 GRT cargo ship which was built by John Readhead & Sons Ltd, South Shields. Launched on 9 March 1944 and completed in May 1944. Meldrum and Swinson Ltd., managers. 1946 - Management transferred to Eskdale Shipping Co., Ltd., Sold in 1947 to Zinal Steamship Co Ltd and renamed Burhill. Operated under the management of J Burness & Sons Ltd, London. Sold in 1951 to Golden Cross Line Ltd and renamed London City.Chartered by Bristol City Line. Sold later that year to Barberry&#39;s Steamship Co Ltd and renamed Chepman. Operated under the management of Runciman (London) Ltd. Sold in 1957 to Great Eastern Shipping Co Ltd, Bombay and renamed Jag Janani.1960 Sold to Abid and Co., for demolition. Scrapped in May 1961 in Bombay.</p><br>
<h3>Empire Griffin</h3><br>
<p>Empire Griffin was a 258 GRT tug which was built by Scott & Sons Ltd, Bowling, West Dunbartonshire. Launched on 22 April 1943 and completed in June 1943. Sold in 1947 to Condor Ltd, Glasgow, and renamed Fortunate. Sold in 1961 to Cory Hermanos SA, Tenerife. Reported to have been scrapped in 1974.</p><br>
<h3>Empire Grosvenor</h3><br>
<p>Empire Grosvenor was an 890 GRT coastal tanker which was built by A & J Inglis Ltd, Glasgow. Launched in October 1945 and completed in November 1945. Sold in 1947 to Anglo-Saxon Petroleum Co Ltd and renamed Frenulina. Lengthened in 1954, now 1,051 GRT. Laid up in 1962 in Singapore awaiting scrapping but sold to Teck Hwa Shipping Co, Panama, and renamed Anlok. Sold later that year to National Oil Co Ltd, Panama, and renamed Permina VI. Sold in 1974 to P T Bimoli, Indonesia and renamed Bimoli 01.</p><br>
<h3>Empire Grove</h3><br>
<p>Empire Grove was a 325 GRT coaster which was built by I Pimblott & Sons Ltd, Northwich. Launched on 5 June 1941 and completed in October 1941. Ran aground on 18 October 1941 at Long Peak, 2 nmi south of Hartland Point, Devon. A constructive total loss.</p><br>
<h3>Empire Guernsey</h3><br>
<p>Empire Guernsey was a 288 GRT coastal tanker which was built by J Harker Ltd, Knottingley. Launched on 21 October 1944 and completed in March 1945. Sold in 1947 to British Controlled Oilfields Ltd, Ecuador and renamed Beacon. Sold in 1957 to Transpetroleo Compania Anonima, Ecuador, and renamed Billie. Sold in 1980 to Transnacoop, Ecuador, and reported to have been disposed of by scuttling in 1981.</p><br>
<h3>Empire Guidon</h3><br>
<p>Empire Guidon was a 7,041 GRT cargo ship which was built by Furness Shipbuilding Co Ltd, Haverton Hill-on-Tees. Launched on 30 May 1942 and completed in August 1942. Torpedoed on 31 October 1942 and sunk by at {{coord|30|10|S|33|50|E}}.</p><br>
<h3>Empire Guillemot (I)</h3><br>
<p>was a cargo ship which was built by Western Pipe & Steel Co, San Francisco. Launched in 1919 as West Caddoa for the USSB. To MoS in 1940 and renamed Empire Guillemot. Torpedoed on 24 October 1941 and sunk by an Italian aircraft west of the island of La Galite, north west of Bizerta, Tunisia.</p><br>
<h3>Empire Guillemot (II)</h3><br>
<p>was a LST which was built by Harland & Wolff Ltd, Belfast. Launched in July 1945 as LST 3523 and later became HMS Walcheren. To MoT in 1956 and renamed Empire Guillemot. Laid up in Singapore and scrapped there in July 1968.</p><br>
<h3>Empire Guinevere</h3><br>
<p>Empire Guinevere was a 7,085 GRT cargo ship which was built by William Denny & Bros Ltd, Dumbarton. Launched on 14 May 1942 and completed in June 1942. Sold in 1947 to Cardigan Shipping Co Ltd and renamed Grelrosa. Operated under the management of W T Gould & Co Ltd, Cardiff. Sold in 1960 to Kam Kee Navigation Co Ltd, and renamed Shun Tai. Operated under the management of Jebshun & Co Ltd, Hong Kong. Sold in 1968 to Chan Moo Chu and reflagged to Somalia, still under Jebshun&#39;s management. Collided on 11 March 1969 with SS World Carrier 3 nmi south of Singapore ({{coord|01|12|N|103|51|E}}) and sank.</p><br>
<h3>Empire Gulf</h3><br>
<p>Empire Gulf was a 6,401 GRT tanker which was built by Short Bros Ltd, Sunderland. Launched in 1927 as Laristan for Common Bros Ltd. On 15 January 1942 became stranded on Tiree. Salvaged and then repaired. To MoWT in 1943 and renamed Empire Gulf. To Common Bros Ltd in 1946 and renamed Laristan. Sold in 1949 to John I Jacobs & Co Ltd and renamed Cherrywood. Sold in 1953 to Marcou & Sons, London and renamed Irene M. Reflagged to Costa Rica. Sold in 1954 to Muzaffer Emin Zorlu, Turkey and renamed Semira. Scrapped in November 1960 at Kalafatyeri, Turkey.</p><br>
<h3>Empire Gull (I)</h3><br>
<p>was a 6,458 GRT cargo ship which was built by Skinner & Eddy Corp, Seattle. Launched in 1919 as Brave Coeur for the USSB. To MoWT in 1941 and renamed Empire Gull. Torpedoed on 12 December 1942 and sunk by in the Mozambique Channel.</p><br>
<h3>Empire Gull (II)</h3><br>
<h3>Empire Gulliver</h3><br>
<p>Empire Gulliver was a 2,905 GRT cargo ship which was built by William Gray & Co, West Hartlepool, Launched on 8 June 1943, and completed in September 1943. Sold in 1946 to J & C Harrison Ltd, London, and renamed Bharatkhand. Sold in 1954 to Bharat Line Ltd, India. Scrapped in September 1962 in Bombay.</p><br>
<h3>Empire Gunfleet</h3><br>
<p>Empire Gunfleet was a 7,387 GRT cargo ship which was built by John Readhead & Sons Ltd, South Shields. Launched in April 1945 and completed in June 1945. Sold in 1946 to Clan Lin Steamers Ltd and renamed Clan Mackay. Sold in 1962 to Compagnia de Navigazione Victoria Neptuno Sa, Panama and renamed Babylon. Operated under the management of The Hu Steamship Co Ltd, Taiwan. Arrived on 25 September 1966 at Hong Kong for scrapping.</p><br>
<h3>Empire Gunner</h3><br>
<p>Empire Gunner was a 4,492 GRT cargo ship which was built by Grangemouth & Greenock Dockyard Co, Greenock. Launched in 1906 as Strathearn. Sold in 1924 to P C Lemos, Greece, and renamed Constantinos. Renamed Konstantis Lemos in 1925. To Constantine & Lemos, Greece in 1928 and renamed Danos. Sold in 1939 to Societa di Navigazione Polena, Genoa and renamed Moscardin. Captured on 10 June 1940 off Newcastle upon Tyne. To MoWT and renamed Empire Gunner. Bombed on 7 September 1941 and sunk by German aircraft in St George&#39;s Channel ({{coord|52|08|N|05|18|W}}).</p><br>
<h3>Empire Gypsy</h3><br>
<p>Empire Gypsy was an 813 GRT coastal tanker which was built by A & J Inglis, Glasgow. Launched on 31 August 1942 and completed in November 1942. Sold in 1948 to the Indian Navy and became INS Sambhar. Removed from the list of Indian Navy vessels in 1976.</p><br>
<p>Main Street Market Square Historic District is a historic district in Houston, Texas that includes the Market Square Park. It includes buildings nearby, as well as the square itself. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<h3>Boundaries</h3><br>
<p>The Main Street Market Square District has irregular boundaries. The district includes all of the blocks between Travis and Main from Texas Street to the northern boundary of University of Houstown-Downtown. From the southern edge of Market Square at Preston Street, it captures all of the blocks northward until Buffalo Bayou. It includes three and a half blocks between Main and Fannin Streets, running south from Franklin Street. A wedge-shaped, partial block at Milam falls within the district, as well as a partial block east of Main Street at the base of the viaduct.</p><br>
<h3>Features</h3><br>
<p>The University of Houston–Downtown (UHD) is a four-year state university, located within the Main Street Market Square Historic District. Founded in 1974, it is one of four separate and distinct institutions in the University of Houston System. UHD has an enrollment of 12,900 students—making it the 13th largest public university in Texas and the second-largest university in the Houston area.</p><br>
<p>One of the anchors of the district is Market Square Park, so-named because this site previously hosted four Houston City Halls and City Markets. Adjacent to the park are three nineteenth-century structures: the Fox-Kuhlman Building at 305-307 Travis, the Baker-Meyer Building at 315 Travis, and the Kennedy Bakery Building at 813 Congress. Like the Kennedy Bakery Building, the property at 214 Travis had been owned by Irish-born baker, John Kennedy. He started a building there in 1860. WL Foley Dry Goods commissioned Eugene Heiner to enlarge the structure in 1889. Across the street at 201 Travis is the Houston National Bank, once owned by Ross S. Sterling. Houston Ice and Brewing Company built the Magnolia Brewery Building at 110 Milam and the Magnolia Ballroom an adjacent facility at 715 Franklin.</p><br>
<p>Eugene Heiner designed two other buildings in the district: the 1882 Henry Brashear Building at 910 Prairie, and the Sweeney and Coombs Building at 310 Main. Other historic buildings in the district along Main Street include the Rice Hotel, the Barringer-Norton Building, the Scanlan Building (Houston), the adjacent Stuart and Sterne Buildings, the Sweeney, Coombs, and Fredericks Building, and the Union National Bank Building.</p><br>
<p>Sycamore Dale  is a 19th-century Greek Revival plantation house overlooking the South Branch Potomac River southwest of Romney, West Virginia. Sycamore Dale is one of several historic estates along South Branch River Road . It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on December 2, 1980.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Construction</h3><br>
<p>Sycamore Dale was constructed for David Gibson between 1836 and 1839 with the use of slave labor. The slaves involved with Sycamore Dale&#39;s construction numbered over 100.</p><br>
<h3>American Civil War</h3><br>
<h4>General Lew Wallace</h4><br>
<p>Due to its location adjacent to the Romney Covered Bridge which carried the Northwestern Turnpike across the South Branch Potomac River, Sycamore Dales vicinity was a strategic location for forces attempting to take Romney during the American Civil War. When Union Army forces first moved on Romney on June 11, 1861, there was resistance by Confederate States Army forces to their crossing of the covered bridge. The resistance consisted of Confederate sharpshooters who had commandeered Sycamore Dale and were using it as a "sharpshooters nest." The Union forces, commanded by General Lew Wallace (later Governor of New Mexico Territory, United States Ambassador to the Ottoman Empire, and author of best-seller historical fiction novels such as Ben-Hur: A Tale of the Christ), advanced across the bridge and succeeded in dislodging the Confederates. Following the skirmish, General Wallace gave orders for Sycamore Dale to be burnt before proceeding up Town Hill into Romney. Upon his return later in the day, General Wallace found the house unscathed and, after heated inquiry, found that his captain had been dissuaded from the act of arson by the owner, David Gibson. After listening to Gibson&#39;s plea himself, General Wallace relented and, it is said, briefly used the house as his headquarters. General Wallace wrote part of Ben-Hur: A Tale of the Christ during his stay at Sycamore Dale.</p><br>
<h4>McNeill&#39;s Rangers surrender</h4><br>
<p>Another significant event of the American Civil War to occur at Sycamore Dale was the surrender of the McNeills Rangers. McNeills Rangers was an independent irregular Confederate military company commissioned under the Partisan Ranger Act by the Congress of the Confederate States on April 12, 1862. After the Acts repeal on February 17, 1864, McNeills Rangers was one of two partisan companies allowed to continue operation, the other being Mosbys Raiders. The Rangers numbered no more than 60 to 70. cite that while Romney was last held by Confederate Army forces on April 15, local tradition states that McNeills Rangers surrendered at Sycamore Dale on May 8. Led by Jesse McNeill, the 36 Rangers threw their weapons into a pile on Sycamore Dale&#39;s lawn and then the Union officers reluctantly agreed to release the Rangers. This surrender was one of the final actions of the American Civil War in West Virginia.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<h3>Exterior</h3><br>
<p>Sycamore Dales brickwork is laid in a Flemish bond arrangement. The bricks used in its construction were fired in the homes vicinity. Its lumber was also milled nearby. Sycamore Dale is graced with two end chimneys and a medium gable roof of tin. The front of the house is symmetrically divided into five bays centered on a large two-story, one bay wide portico. This two-story portico is supported by eight Tuscan columns and is surmounted on the second level with a Greek Revival style pediment with plain entablature. Both the first and second levels of its portico have Greek Revival entrance doors, both of which are flanked by triple-paned sidelights and surmounted by multi-paned transoms. There is a wrought iron balustrade on both levels of the portico, and stone steps leading to the first level of the portico. The five bay front elevation, which is 52 feet in width, has six over six sash windows, one on each level of each bay, surmounted by paneled wood lintels and flanked by white wooden shutters. The length of the homes ell is 87 feet. A one-story porch measuring 65 feet runs along the outer ell. A two-story, enclosed porch at the homes rear was an early 20th-century addition and has been removed by the present owners. There were once extensive slave quarters on the grounds of Sycamore Dale&#39;s estate which are no longer extant.</p><br>
<h3>Interior</h3><br>
<p>Sycamore Dales original hand-carved interior woodwork has been preserved. Many of the homes doors are also hand-carved. As a testament to Sycamore Dales role in the American Civil War, several bullet holes remain in the homes woodwork. The two end chimneys service Sycamore Dale&#39;s four large fireplaces. The home is also filled with period furnishings, most of which are Antebellum or Victorian in origin.</p><br>
<p>Market Square is a historic district and pedestrian mall located in downtown Knoxville, Tennessee, United States. Established in 1854 as a market place for regional farmers, the square has developed over the decades into a multipurpose venue that accommodates events ranging from concerts to political rallies, and has long provided a popular gathering place for artists, street musicians, war veterans, and activists. Along with the Market House, Market Square was home to Knoxville&#39;s City Hall from 1868 to 1924. Market Square was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<p>Land for the market place was given to the city by William G. Swan and Joseph A. Mabry. Farmers from the surrounding area would bring their wagons to the Market House, where they sold their produce and wares. During the Civil War, the Union Army used the Market House as a barracks and magazine. Knoxvilles post-Civil War population boom brought about continued development in Market Square, most notably the construction of Peter Kerns confections store (now The Oliver Hotel) in 1876 and Max Arnstein&#39;s seven-story department store in 1906. After the Market House damaged by fire in 1960, the remainder of the building was demolished, and Market Square was converted into a pedestrian mall.</p><br>
<p>A local newspaper once dubbed Market Square, "the most democratic place on earth," where "the rich and the poor, the white and the black, jostle each other in perfect equality." The Square has been mentioned in the works of James Agee, Cormac McCarthy, David Madden, Ken Mink and Richard Yancey, and has hosted performers ranging from Duke Ellington to Steve Winwood. Politicians and activists who have delivered speeches at the Square include Frances Willard, Booker T. Washington, William Jennings Bryan, Edward Ward Carmack, and Ronald Reagan.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>Market Square is located at the center of Knoxvilles downtown business district. It consists of an open area covering just over 1 acre, with storefronts on the east and west sides. The Square is bounded by Union Avenue on the south and Wall Avenue on the north. Two narrow alleys divide the backs of the Squares stores from the backs of buildings lining Gay Street to the east and Walnut Street to the west. Krutch Park lies opposite Union Avenue to the southeast, and the TVA Towers overlook the Square from the north.</p><br>
<p>Market Square is one of only two locations in Knoxville where the street addresses still follow the city&#39;s pre-1890 numbering format, the other being Emory Place north of downtown. Under this format, the street addresses are numbered starting at "1," as opposed to the newer system in use elsewhere in the city, which uses 3, 4, and 5-digit street addresses.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Early years</h3><br>
<p>Knoxvilles first market house, built in 1816, was located on Main Street, but was sold by 1823. Over the next thirty years, farmers simply sold produce out of their wagons, usually parked along Prince (now Market Street) or Gay. In 1853, William G. Swan and Joseph A. Mabry, who had been speculating in land around Knoxville, purchased an 11 acre tract of pastureland from physician John Fouche that lay north of Union Avenue. Hoping to boost the lands value, they donated a small part of this tract&mdash; the present Market Square&mdash; to the city for the construction of a market house. The deed stipulated that the land must be used for this purpose, or ownership would revert to Swan and Mabry, or their heirs.</p><br>
<p>The original Market House was designed by the architectural firm Newman & Maxwell, and opened in January 1854. As many farmers preferred to sell produce from their wagons rather than pay the three dollars per month stall rental fee, the Market House saw scant use in its early years, even after Knoxville banned curb-side selling. A few shops sprang up on the Square, however, among them Albert Hudiburgs grocery, Patrick Traceys saloon, a lumberyard run by John Jones, and Peter Knott&#39;s "bowling saloon."</p><br>
<p>By 1861, Market Square had become significant enough to be a designated polling station for the Ordinance of Secession vote that took place on June 8 of that year. In late 1863, when the Union Army occupied Knoxville, the Market House was converted into a barracks and ammunition magazine. Much of the stall furniture was tossed outside and ruined by the elements, and the Square&#39;s shopkeepers continuously voiced their fears about the large amounts of volatile gunpowder being stored in the Market House. For decades after the war, Confederate and Union veterans societies met regularly in buildings on Market Square.</p><br>
<h3>Knoxville&#39;s boom period</h3><br>
<p>In 1868, Knoxville built its first permanent City Hall&mdash; a two-story building with a belltower&mdash; at the north end of Market Square. The following year, the Market House was expanded northward by about 90 ft, leaving just a short gap between it and City Hall that acted as a weighing station. During the same period, German immigrant and Confederate veteran Peter Kern opened his "ice cream saloon" at the southwest corner of the Square. Kern completed the building now known as The Oliver Hotel in 1876, with the first floor serving as a retail confectionery, the second story as an elegant ice cream shop, and the third floor providing a meeting place for the Odd Fellows.</p><br>
<p>By 1876, businesses on Market Square included a millinery, a physician, a pharmacist, a dressmaker, a jeweler, and a boarding house. Within a few years, Fentons Monumental Marble Works was operating out of a shop on the Square, carving sculptures such as those found at Old Gray Cemetery. Saloons, such as Michael Cullinans, the Jersey Lily, and Houser & Mournans, maintained a continued presence, although the Womens Christian Temperance Union was active on the Square by the 1880s. The Knoxville Chronicle (later the Knoxville Journal) relocated its office to Market Square in the 1870s, and it was here that publisher Adolph Ochs began his career in the newspaper industry. By the end of the 1880s, the City Hall building had proved too small and a larger and more elaborate three-story building was completed in 1888.</p><br>
<p>Sausage maker Adolph Ziegler and his partners Ignaz Fanz and Anton Metler began selling sausages out of the Ziegler Building in the 1880s, and two companies&mdash; Baums and H. T. Hackney&mdash; began as storefronts on Market Square during the same decade. In 1897, the city built a larger Market House that included a second-story auditorium and was adjoined to the City Hall building. Market Square reached its height in 1906 when Max Arnstein built his seven-story department store overlooking the Squares southwest corner.</p><br>
<h3>Decline and revitalization</h3><br>
<p>In 1907, a citywide ordinance banning alcohol was passed, and Market Squares saloons were forced to close. With the arrival of streetcar suburbs to the north, west, south, and east of the downtown area, residents began to move away. In 1925, Kerns business was sold to investors who reorganized the company with a focus on bread making, and the Kern Building on Market Square became Coleman&#39;s drugstore. That same year, Knoxville moved its City Hall to the empty Deaf and Dumb Asylum a few blocks away. In 1927, Max Arnstein retired, and his department store closed.</p><br>
<p>In spite of these setbacks, new businesses continued moving to the Square. A local grocery store chain, the White Stores, opened a store on the Square in 1927, and regional grocer Cas Walker opened one of his cash stores on the Square in the early 1940s. Movie theaters also began appearing on the Square, most notably the Rialto in the late 1920s and the Crystal in the 1930s. During the same period, Greek immigrant John Demetrius Cavalaris opened the Golden Sun, beginning a multi-generational presence on the Square.</p><br>
<p>In the 1950s, Knoxville mayor George Dempster spearheaded an effort to tear down the Market House as part of the citys efforts to revitalize its downtown area. In spite of a campaign by preservationists to save the building, which included speeches by poet Carl Sandburg and conservationist Harvey Broome, the city voted to remove the Market House in November 1959 (the buildings fate was further sealed when it partially burned a few months later). The old Market House was replaced by the Market Square Mall, an open-air market that consisted of a series of white "toadstool"-shaped canopies in 1961. The mall received a boost with the completion of the TVA Towers at the north end of the Square in 1976, and the construction of Krutch Park in 1981. In 1986, at the urging of historical preservationists, the white canopies were removed, and the Market Square Mall was renamed "Market Square."</p><br>
<p>Redevelopment of Market Square was first emphasized by Knoxvilles urban planners in 1988 with the publication of the 1988 Downtown Knoxville Plan. The master plan which sought to have a public-private partnership improve the urban lifestyle of Knoxvilles downtown, promoted the Market Square district as a key point in the plan. In 2002, Knoxville officials approved a $432 million plan to redevelop Market Square into a pedestrian-oriented commercial area. Around the same time, a group of young Knoxville residents organized the Market Square Farmers Market, which strictly promoted the sale of produce in the Greater Knoxville area.</p><br>
<h2>Culture</h2><br>
<p>Musicians have been a staple of Market Square since at least the late 1860s, when Peter Kern employed brass bands for various festivities. In the 1880s, "Dr. Lighthalls Mexican Band" first appeared on the Square, and Tennessee politician and fiddler Robert Love Taylor began performing with the "Market Hall Fiddlers." Promoter Frank Murphy held fiddle contests in Market Hall in the 1920s which drew the likes of Charlie Bowman, Earl Johnson, and the Tennessee Ramblers, and during same decade the St. James Hotel (at the northeast end of the Square) hosted the studios of WNOX. By the 1980s, diverse styles such as bluegrass, jazz, folk, and punk were being played in Market Squares clubs. The Sundown in the City concert series, established by AC Entertainment in 1997, regularly drew crowds of 10,000 or more before its conclusion after the 2011 season.</p><br>
<p>In his Pulitzer Prize-winning 1957 novel, A Death in the Family, James Agee recalled going into a noisy Market Square bar with his father while they walked through downtown Knoxville in 1915. In a later scene, he mentioned his preference for the Market Square store Harbisons, which his mother considered "vulgar," preferring instead Millers on Gay Street.</p><br>
<p>Cormac McCarthy gives vivid descriptions of Market Square in both his 1965 novel, The Orchard Keeper, and his 1979 novel, Suttree, both of which are set in Knoxville and its vicinity. In the first, one of the characters walks to Market Square, where he witnesses a street preacher "screaming incoherently and brandishing a tattered Bible," before traversing the market house and eventually buying traps at a hardware store. In Suttree, the title character sells his fish to a Market Square fish vendor, passing along the way "derelict trucks," "pariahs," "blind singers," "organists," "psalmists," "beggars," and "wild street preachers." In a later scene, the character Gene Harrogate peers into the Golden Sun Cafe while on a stroll through the downtown area.</p><br>
<p>Other books that mention Market Square include Anne Armstrongs 1915 novel, The Seas of God (which is set in a fictional town based on Knoxville), Joseph Wood Krutchs 1962 autobiography, More Lives Than One, and David Maddens 1974 novel, Bijou (also set in a fictional town based on Knoxville). More recently, the Square figures in Richard Mariuss An Affair of Honor (2001), Ken Minks "Knoxville: A City Born in Blood and Flames," featuring Civil War era action involving the citys richest family, the Armstrongs, and the use of their homes as military headquarters and later as a hospital for wounded soldiers, and Richard Yancey&#39;s The Highly Effective Detective (2006).</p><br>
<p>Political groups have been active at Market Square since at least 1876, when politician William F. Yardley spoke before a gathering of Radical Republicans. Temperance activists were among the most vocal in the early 1900s, when temperance leaders such as William Jennings Bryan, Edward Ward Carmack, and Frances Willard gave speeches at Market Hall. Womens suffragist Lizzie Crozier French was active on Market Square as early as the 1880s, and today is depicted in the Squares Women&#39;s Suffrage Memorial. Socialist politician Harry McKee spoke at the Square in 1904, and Booker T. Washington delivered a speech on civil rights at the Square in 1909. In 1980, Republican presidential candidate Ronald Reagan spoke before an audience of 6,000 at Market Square. Democratic candidate Walter Mondale spoke at the Square in 1984, but managed to draw just a few hundred.</p><br>
<h2>Market Square today</h2><br>
<p>Market Square is currently used year-round as a venue for special outdoor events, including the Market Square Farmers Market, an annual open-air presentation of Shakespeare plays, and community band concerts. The bell from the old market house is displayed at the Union Avenue end of Market Square. Nearby is the Womens Suffrage Memorial, a statue created by sculptor Alan LeQuire to commemorate Tennessees role in achieving Womens suffrage in the United States. An open-air ice skating rink is created in the square every winter.</p><br>
<h2>Historic district</h2><br>
<p>The square was listed in the National Register of Historic Places as the Market Square Commercial Historic District on December 20, 1984. Buildings surrounding the square illustrate 19th- and 20th-century commercial architecture. Most once housed commercial uses on the ground level and residences in upper floors. The historic district includes twenty contributing buildings, seventeen of which are located on the Square, and three of which are located along Union or Wall avenues. Several historic buildings were listed as "non-contributing" in the 1984 listing due to mid-20th century modifications, but have since been restored.</p><br>
<p>Buildings of interest in the district include:</p><br>
<p>The Oliver Hotel (1 Market Square) is an Italianate building erected in 1876 and designed by Joseph Baumann. It once housed Kerns confectionery and ice cream parlor, owned by Peter Kern. A German immigrant who served in the Confederate Army, Kern was trapped in Knoxville and protected by a local baker when the Union Army blocked routes out of the city. Kern entered a business partnership with the baker and eventually took over the business. The ground floor of the building at 1 Market Square housed his shop, where he sold bread, candy, ice cream, cake and other confections, and an upper floor housed a ballroom where a French dancing master gave lessons. Kern was elected mayor of Knoxville in 1890. In 1982, the top two floors were converted into a hotel, the Blakely House, for visitors to the citys World&#39;s Fair. This hotel became the Hotel St. Oliver in the 1990s.</p><br>
<p>The Ziegler Building (9 Market Square) is a three-story Neoclassical building constructed around 1880. The building has a pressed metal cornice, decorative pilasters, and a raised parapet wall. Sausage-maker Adolph Ziegler and his associates, Ignaz Fanz and Anton Metler, sold sausage and pork out of the building in the 1880s and 1890s.</p><br>
<p>26 Market Square, a vernacular commercial structure built about 1880, housed the A.L. Young Dry Goods Store from 1880 until 1900. Other dry goods merchants occupied the building until 1950.</p><br>
<p>36 Market Square, built about 1882, is a vernacular commercial that housed a succession of dry goods stores from 1885 until the 1960s.</p><br>
<p>37 Market Square, known as the J.F. Horne Building, is a Victorian vernacular commercial building built around 1870. It housed tobacco and liquor sellers J.F. Horne & Brothers from 1876 until 1905, when it became a restaurant and confectioners shop. The Gold Sun Café was located there from 1920 until at least 1965.</p><br>
<p>The Arnstein Building (corner of Union and Market), completed in 1906, was designed by New York architectural firm Cleverdon & Putzel, and was Knoxvilles tallest building at the time of its completion. The seven-story building features Neoclassical detailing and limestone quoins. The building housed Max Arnsteins department store until 1927, and in the 1930s it served as office space for the newly created Tennessee Valley Authority. Whittle Communications operated out of the Arnstein Building during the 1980s.</p><br>
<p>Roops Mill is a historic grist mill complex located near Westminster, Carroll County, Maryland. The complex includes a three-story, brick and stone mill, dating from about 1795 and rebuilt in 1816; the David Roop House, an 1825 stone dwelling; a log coopers shed; an early two-part bank barn; numerous farm sheds; a late-19th century iron suspension bridge; and a bank barn dated to the 1860s. The brick mill was constructed according to the designs of Oliver Evans.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2008.</p><br>
<p>The Seymour Krieger House, also known as Katinas House, is a historic home located at Bethesda, Montgomery County, Maryland. It was built in 1958, and is a one-story, steel-framed building constructed of all-stretcher coursed brick . It features marlite panels with bands of large plate-glass windows and sliding-glass doors set within steel frames. It is set upon a concrete foundation. The International style house is one of four residential buildings architect Marcel Breuer  designed in Maryland. The landscaping was designed by Dan Kiley .</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2008.</p><br>
<p>Round About Hills or Peacefields is a historic slave plantation home located at Glenwood, Howard County, Maryland. An alternate address for this house is 14581 McClintock Drive, Glenwood, Maryland. It was built about 1773 on a 266-acre land patent and consists of a -story frame house with a stone end. Thomas Beale Dorsey inherited the property in 1794 then exchanged his interest in the plantation with Thomas Cook&#39;s stagecoach wayside town Cooksville.</p><br>
<p>The main block is three bays wide by one bay deep, with a gambrel roof and 1-story hip-roofed porch. It features a long screened porch with exposed rafter tails and an 1820 stone kitchen addition. Also on the property is a stone slave quarters outbuilding and a small frame outbuilding.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2008.</p><br>
<p>Universal Lodge No. 14 is a historic building located in Annapolis, Anne Arundel County, Maryland. It was constructed about 1880 as a private dwelling, and substantially expanded in the mid-1950s. It is a two-story gable-front frame and concrete-block building with a brick veneer facade and a gable finished in stucco. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2008.</p><br>
<p>The Prince Hall Masonic Lodge for which it is named was founded in 1865 by a group of African American civilian employees of the USA Naval Academy. The lodge purchased the building in the 1940s, and substantially renovated it for use as a meeting hall over the next decade.</p><br>
<p>In 2019 a $200,000 grant was secured to repair the exterior of the building.</p><br>
<p>Carderock Springs Historic District is a national historic district located at Bethesda, Montgomery County, Maryland. The district encompasses 275 modernist houses located northwest of Bethesda. It was developed between 1962 and 1966, and was planned to take full advantage of the existing landscape and topography, with curvilinear streets and cul-de-sacs serving wooded, sloping properties.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2008.</p><br>
<p>The Fripp-Fishburne House is a historic building in Walterboro, South Carolina, United States . Built in 1889, it has been renovated several times and currently serves as a private residence.</p><br>
<p>The house is located at 474 Hampton Street, in the Walterboro historic district, which is about an hour drive from either Charleston, South Carolina or Savannah, Georgia.</p><br>
<p>The house was originally a one-story home built by Lewis Fripp in 1889. A second story was added in the early 1900s. The Fishburne family next owned the house for over half a century. In 1962, John Hiott purchased the house and renovated it. The next owners were Dan Yarbrough (1994–1999) and Roberto Refinetti (1999- ).</p><br>
<p>The front porch, with its four Ionic columns is typical of southern plantation homes. The house has approximately 5,000 ft&sup2; of living space in two stories and a finished attic that serves as a third floor. Its grandiose façade, subtly concealed by century-old oak trees naturally decorated with hanging Spanish moss, provides it with the distinction of being the most photographed house in town. Photographs of the Fripp-Fishburne house have appeared in numerous tourist brochures, newspapers, books, magazines, and travel guides.</p><br>
<p>Park Circle Historic District is a national historic district located at Baltimore, Maryland. The district is historically important as an example of an early suburban Jewish neighborhood. Jewish immigrants from Eastern Europe began to settle in the neighborhood, moving from East Baltimore. This set the pattern for the future expansion of Baltimore&#39;s Jewish community.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2008.</p><br>
<p>Bellona–Gittings Historic District is a national historic district located at Baltimore, Maryland.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2008.</p><br>
<p>The resources of the district total 449, which includes 374 residences, associated garages, and one commercial property which is a one story brick store building used for a neighborhood pharmacy and wine store. The architecture of this building harmonizes with the surrounding buildings. Of these resources, 395 are contributing and are characterized by a high level of architectural integrity. Most of the 54 noncontributing resources were constructed later than the period of significance.</p><br>
<p>Rolling Mill Historic District is a national historic district located at Cumberland, Allegany County, Maryland. It is a 38 acre primarily residential historic district located on the east side of the city of Cumberland. It contains a strong, locally distinctive concentration of wood and brick residences built between the early 1870s and the late 1940s. It also includes a modest commercial area. The district has a total of 173 properties, including the previously listed Francis Haley House.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2008.</p><br>
<p>Scanlon Farm  is a late 19th-century loghouse and farm overlooking Three Churches Run east of the unincorporated community of Three Churches, West Virginia. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on February 3, 1988.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<h3>Exterior</h3><br>
<p>The farm&#39;s main structure is the Scanlon Log House, a two-story log structure built around 1840 by the Larimore family and acquired by the</p><br>
<p>Scanlon family in the 1860s. It is a folk house of the Midland tradition, in the early German settlement era pattern. The house is one room deep and linear in design with external chimneys on both gable ends of the house. The logs in its construction are squared, hand-hewn, and laid horizontally, notched on the ends, and with narrow chinking. (Chinking refers to the mortar between the logs). There are vertical end logs that serve to anchor the structure&#39;s four corners. The two massive stone chimneys are original to the house, although the east side has been partially rebuilt. The side-gable roof is moderately pitched and is composed of slate. The Scanlon Log House was constructed in two sections: the east side being the original section built by the Larimore family and the western half was added around 1865 by Thomas Scanlon shortly after the Scanlon family acquired the property. To the rear of the house and slightly to the west stands the remains of a large stone chimney. This chimney (circa 1840) served the detached kitchen which itself disappeared in the 19th century.</p><br>
<h3>Interior</h3><br>
<p>The interior of the Scanlon Log House consists of a "two rooms over two rooms" arrangement with a narrow winding staircase connecting the two floors. The two bedrooms on the second floor are slightly smaller than their corresponding rooms on the first floor, with a small connecting room. Overhead beams are exposed on the interior, and the interior walls are composed of unadorned vertical wood siding. A wooden mantelpiece graces the end of the first floor parlor. Much of the furnishings on the interior are original Scanlon family pieces.</p><br>
<h3>Contributing structures</h3><br>
<p>To the rear of the Scanlon Log House are two adjacent outbuildings, both dating from the 19th century. One is a one-story, wood-frame, gable- roof smoke house with wide vertical siding. Next to it is a slightly smaller gable-roof, wood outbuilding that serves as a privy. The privy is characterized by whitewashed vertical narrow boards and some slightly decorative woodwork over the door and along the roof line on the exterior. Also on the Scanlon Farm is the two-story, gable-roof, wood-sided barn constructed in the 19th century.</p><br>
<p>In the town of Lorain, Ohio, located just west of Cleveland, the 1,720-seat Lorain Palace Theatre first opened in 1928. It was the first motion picture theater in Ohio to show a talking motion picture. The opening night film, and first talky played in Ohio was a pre-release of Paramount’s "Something Always Happens" starring Neil Hamilton and Esther Ralston. Today it serves as a community Civic Center, movie theatre, meeting place and entertainment facility. The crystal chandelier, Wurlitzer pipe organ , and two spacious loges are just some of the features which made this building worthy of being preserved.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The theatre was built as part of an initiative to rebuild downtown Lorain, following a devastating tornado destroyed most of the 44,000 inhabitant town&#39;s urban center. It still has its original Wurlitzer theatre organ and was popular well into the 1960s. When it was completed, it was the largest one floor motion picture theatre in Ohio. Popularity of the theatre diminished following the construction of the nearby mall in the mid-1960s. Several other theatres and shops in the area closed their doors at this time.</p><br>
<h2>Renovation</h2><br>
<p>Restoration of the theatre began in 1977 and so far the non-profit organization operating the location has raised an excess of $6 million towards the cost of its restoration and renovation. Twenty-five thousand dollars was tendered as a down payment toward the purchase of the $100,000 building. A capital funds campaign was launched and in May 1977 the Palace Theater building was purchased and a grand opening was held. The Palace had been using the same carbon arc projectors since 1935. The light on the screen was created when 80 amps of electricity jumped between two large pencil-sized carbon rods. The carbon arc generated enough illumination to project the movie onto the screen 180 ft away. Recently the theatre moved those projectors into the lobby and installed a new theatre system including a new platter projector, a digital projector, and a 16-speaker theatre surround sound system.</p><br>
<p>In 2008 a plan was made to connect the Lorain Palace Theatre with the adjacent Eagles Building via a glass arcade. The project would partly be funded by a $200,000 grant from the city of Lorain, most of which would be required to purchase the Eagles Building while the rest would go to construction costs to the facade and marquee of the theatre. However, an additional $7.5 million would be needed to complete the project, which includes renovating the interior and exterior of the 37,000 ft&sup2; Eagles building, as well as a section of the theater and the construction of the arcade.</p><br>
<h2>Lorain Palace today</h2><br>
<p>The Palace Theatre in Lorain continues to have funding issues but has thus far managed to hit fund-raising goals to keep its doors open. In October 2008, the theatre held a masquerade ball which helped bring in an additional $6,000. The theatre has also made several budget cuts and for now is managing to keep itself going with the aid of donations and other fund-raising efforts.</p><br>
<p>The Mary Van Duzer-Sayer House is the main residence of a 154 acre former farm on Taylor Road near the hamlet of Mountainville in the Town of Cornwall, New York, United States. It is a stone Federal style house built in 1832.</p><br>
<p>Mary Van Duzer was the granddaughter of Isaac Van Duzer, one of Cornwalls early settlers and landowners. The farm she built with her husband was the southern tip of her grandfathers original landholdings. It remained in her family until 1903. In 1996 it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP).</p><br>
<h2>Property</h2><br>
<p>There are two contributing resources to the NRHP listing: the house and a neighboring root cellar built into the slope behind it. Both are located at the front of the property, which extends to the Metro-North Port Jervis Line tracks to the rear traversing Schunemunk Mountain.</p><br>
<p>The house is two stories high and five bays wide. It is faced in coursed fieldstone, quoined at the corners with larger stones. A cornice runs around the entire gabled roof, shingled in wood with a brick chimney at the north. The windows have brownstone sills and lintels in front and brick surrounds on the north elevation, consistent with a brick addition on that side. On the south is a flat-roofed porch supported by five wooden columns, running the entire length of that side.</p><br>
<p>A portico, with ten square wood columns, Tuscan capitals, a pent roof and slate-tiled floor shelters the main entrance. Above the central window on the second story is a small stone with "1832" engraved into it.</p><br>
<p>The paneled wooden door leads into a center hall. Surrounding rooms have many intact original features and woodwork, including two Adamesque mantels supported by fluted pilasters. Upstairs, the bedrooms also contain much original finishing and trim.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Before marrying William Sayer in 1831, Mary Van Duzer obtained the farm parcel from her father Henry. It was the southern end of her grandfather&#39;s original holdings, by then mostly subdivided and sold. The house was built the next year and the couple operated the farm and raised their family. The former did well enough that the Orange County Agricultural Society considered it a prize farm in 1841.</p><br>
<p>Sayer is listed as the property owner as late as 1859. In 1875, the owner was an A.J. Sayer, and then in 1903 Margaret Scott. It has remained a private residence throughout its existence.</p><br>
